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. 2023 Oct 3;13:1259822. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1259822

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Copyright © 2023 Do, Willenzon, Ristenpart, Janssen, Volz, Sutter, Förster and Bošnjak

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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TLR3 agonist (Poly(I:C)) administration enhances the MVA-SARS-2-S-induced cellular response to the spike (S). (A) Representative plots showing the percentage of lung S-VL8-tetramer CD8⁺CD44^hi T cells in control and MVA-SARS-2-S vaccinated groups. (B, C) Absolute cell counts of S-VL8-tetramer⁺CD8⁺CD44^hi T cells (B) and MVA-B8R-tetramer⁺CD8⁺CD44^hi T cells (C) in different organs. (B, C) Pooled data from four independent experiments with n = 8 mice per group. Individual values (symbols) and mean group value (lines). Statistical analysis was done on log-transformed using Brown-Forsythe ANOVA test followed by Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparisons test. *p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001. Black stars - difference to control group; Orange stars – difference between groups receiving vaccine and vaccine mixed with TLR agonists, as denoted by the line.