TABLE 2.

Detailed inclusion and outcomes for each study.

Study & Year	Inclusion criteria	Outcomes
Gill, 2021	Patients underwent CP and VPS in simultaneous or staged operations following DC	Brain abscess, infections, intracranial hemorrhage, pneumocephalus, and neurological functional
Ting, 2020	Patients with TBI who had Glasgow Coma Scale score of <13 on admission and underwent unilateral DC	Infections, subdural hygroma, intracranial hematoma, reoperation, and neurological functional
	Patients underwent CP and VPS within 6 months after DC
Zhang, 2021	Patients developed communicating hydrocephalus after DC and subsequently underwent CP and VPS placement	Infections, shunt malfunction, seizure, intracranial hematoma, subdural hygroma, and paradoxical herniation
	Patients who were not lost to follow‐up within 3 months
Jung, 2015	Patients underwent DC, due to refractory intracranial hypertension after they had suffered a TBI or a vascular lesion	Intracranial hematoma, pseudomembranous colitis, subdural hygroma, infections, shunt malfunction, sunken bone plate
	All patients underwent early CP (an autologous bone flap, 5 to 8 weeks after DC)
	Programmable shunt valve type (Codman‐Medos programmable VPS, Medos SA, Le Loche)
Lin, 2019	Patients >18‐year‐old	Infections, over‐drainage, and reoperation
	Patients followed up for >3 months
	Patients with non‐malignant brain tumor as the reason for DC
Heo, 2014	Patients underwent CP and VPS operations after a DC for refractory intracranial hypertension	Intracranial hematoma, infections, and subdural hygroma
	The interval between the CP and VPS placement was within 6‐month
	In all CP procedures were used autologous bone
Rosinski, 2020	Adult patients who had undergone CP and VPS placement at any time after DC	Intracranial hematoma, reoperation, hospital‐acquired infection, cerebrospinal fluid leak, infections, shunt issues, length of stay
	Non‐pregnant
Schuss, 2015	CP procedures with simultaneous or subsequent VPS placement in patients who previously underwent DC	Intracranial hematoma, infections, and subdural hygroma
	CP and VPS varied according to the treating neurosurgeon (no time limit)
Brelie, 2016	Only patients with cranial vault Reconstruction after DC due to TBI and ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke	Infections, reoperation, subdural empyema, aseptic bone flap necrosis, neurological functional
	Patients were surgically treated in tertiary care center
Meyer, 2017	All adult patients who underwent CP and VPS placement for any indication	Infections, shunt issues
	Follow‐up >3 months

Abbreviations: CP, cranioplasty; DC, decompressive craniectomy; TBI, traumatic brain injury; VPS, ventriculoperitoneal shunt.