Table 4.
Bivariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with asymptomatic malaria in schoolchildren in Gomma district, Jimma Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
| Individual child factors | Categories | All | n (%) | COR (95% CI) | p-value | AOR (95% CI) | p- value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| +ve | −ve | |||||||
| Sex | Female | 473 | 17 (3.60) | 456 (96.40) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Male | 521 | 33 (6.33) | 488 (93.66) | 1.814 (0.99, 3.30) | 0.051 | |||
| Age (in years) | 6–11 | 463 | 25 (5.40) | 438 (94.6) | 1.16 (0.65, 2.04) | 0.621 | ||
| 12–15 | 531 | 25 (4.70) | 506 (95.30) | 1 | ||||
| Grade level | 1–4 | 561 | 27 (4.81) | 534 (95.19) | 0.90 (0.51, 1.59) | 0.72 | ||
| 5–8 | 433 | 23 (5.30) | 410 (94.70) | 1 | ||||
| Slept inside ITN the previous | No | 74 | 10 (13.50) | 64 (86.50) | 0.589 (0.212, 1.64) | 0.31 | ||
| Yes | 83 | 7 (8.43) | 76 (91.57) | 1 | ||||
| Previous history of malaria | No | 942 | 42 (4.58) | 900 (95.42) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 52 | 8 (15.38) | 44 (84.62) | 3.89 (1.72, 8.79) | 0.001 | |||
| Hb level(g/dl) | < 11.5 | 58 | 19 (32.76) | 39 (67.24) | 14.22 (7.38, 27.37) | < 0.0001 | 12.05 (5.329, 27.274) | < 0.0001*** |
| ≥ 11.5 | 936 | 31 (3.31) | 905 (96.69) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Household factors | ||||||||
| Sex of the household head (HHH) | Female | 79 | 1 (1.27) | 78 (98.73) | 1 | |||
| Male | 915 | 49 (5.35) | 866 (94.65) | 4.41 (0.60, 32.40) | 0.14 | |||
| Age of the HHH | < 35 | 72 | 3 (4.17) | 69 (95.83) | 1 | |||
| 35–44 | 295 | 11 (3.73) | 284 (96.27) | 0.89 (0.24, 3.28) | 0.86 | |||
| 45–54 | 374 | 13 (3.50) | 361 (96.50) | 0.83 (0.23, 2.98) | 0.77 | |||
| ≥ 55 | 253 | 23 (9.10) | 230 (90.90) | 2.30 (0.67, 7.89) | 0.18 | 4.98 (1.218, 20.645) | 0.027* | |
| Educational status of HHH | Cannot read and write | 326 | 16 (4.90) | 31 (0 95.10) | 0.723 (0.256, 2.038) | 0.54 | ||
| 1–8 | 544 | 25 (4.60) | 519 (96.40) | 0.674 (0.250,01.819) | 0.44 | |||
| 9–12 | 49 | 4 (8.20) | 45 (91.80) | 1.244 (01.819, 1.819 | 0.75 | |||
| Tertiary | 75 | 5 (6.70) | 70 (93.80) | 1 | ||||
| Night-time outdoor activities of HHH | No | 643 | 21 (3.27) | 622 (96.73) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 351 | 29 (8.26) | 332 (91.74) | 2.67(1.50, 4.75) | 0.001 | 3.27 (1.602, 6.687) | 0.001** | |
| Family history of malaria infection | No | 742 | 49 (6.60) | 693 (93.40) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 252 | 1 (0.40) | 252 (99.4) | 0.056 (.008, 0.410) | 0.005 | 0.02 (0.003, 0.159) | < 0.0001** | |
| Household ITN ownership | No | 837 | 33 (3.94) | 804 (96.06) | 2.958 (1.604, 5.456) | 0.001 | 3.62 (1.676, 7.838) | 0.001** |
| Yes | 157 | 17 (10.83) | 140 (89.17) | 1 | ||||
| Environmental factors | ||||||||
| Presence of stagnant water around home | No | 446 | 9 (2.00) | 437 (98.00) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 548 | 41 (7.50) | 507 (92.50) | 3.93(1.89, 8.17) | 0.0001 | 4.98 (2.042, 12.178) | < 0.0001** | |
| Place of residency | Rural | 765 | 40 (5.23) | 725 (94.77) | 0.83 (0.41, 1.68) | 0.60 | ||
| Semi-urban | 229 | 10 (4.37) | 219 (95.63) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Altitude of the house (masl) | < 1600 | 312 | 20 (6.41) | 292 (93.59) | 1.489 (0.831, 1.266) | 0.18 | ||
| ≥ 1600 | 682 | 30 (4.40) | 652 (95.60) | 1 | ||||
COR Crude Odds ratio, AOR Adjusted odds ratio
*Significant at p < 0.05, **significant at p < 0.01, ***Significant at p < 0.001