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. 2023 Oct 2;14:1211816. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1211816

Figure 1.

Figure 1

NSP9 promotes cellular antiviral innate immune response. (A) Luciferase assay of IFN-β activation in HEK293T cells expressing various vectors and stimulated with VSV for 12 hours. (B) ELISA assay of IFN-β expression in L929 cells expressing various vectors and stimulated with VSV for 12 hours. (C, D) Ifnb, Isg15, Ccl5, Tnf and Il6 mRNA levels in L929 cells transfected with control or NSP9 vectors and stimulated with VSV (C) or SEV (D) for indicated times. (E, F) Immunoblot of lysates of L929 cells transfected with control or NSP9 vectors and infected with VSV (E) or SEV (F) for indicated times. (G) Immunoblot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions in L929 cells transfected with control or NSP9 vectors and stimulated with VSV for indicated times. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments (mean ± SEM in C, D). ns > 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test.