Biopsy-derived skeletal muscle (m. vastus lateralis) basal protein expression determined via Western blot of inflammatory receptors and downstream signaling components (A-E). Representative images of proteins assessed are depicted in panel F. CON, control subjects (n = 8); MHD, maintenance hemodialysis patients (n = 8); OST48, oligosaccharyltransferase subunit 48; pIκBα, phosphorylated nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products; TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4; TRIF, TIR-domain–containing adapter-inducing interferon-β. RAGE bands (43 and 48 kDa) were quantified together. Protein expression was normalized to total protein (A, B, D, and E) or total IκBα (C). Individual data points were overlain on mean ± SE; *P < .05 versus CON.