Table 8.
Chickpea peptides and hydrolysate having antioxidant properties.
| Peptide source | Preparation method | Obtained peptides | In vitro, in vivo antioxidant property | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chickpea | Germination | Low molecular weight peptides (9.4–10.9 kDa) | DPPH | (74) |
| Chickpea protein | Pepsin, pancreatin, affinity chromatography with immobilized copper, SEC, HPLC | Low molecular weight peptides (105–1205 Da) | Cu2+ chelation | (32) |
| Chickpea sprout protein | Trypsin, Neutrase, Alcalase, papain, IEC, SEC, RP-HPLC | LTEIIP (685.41 Da) | DPPH, HRSA | (75) |
| Chickpea protein | Alcalase, SEC | NFYHE (717.37 Da) | DPPH, HRSA, SRSA, Cu2+ and Fe2+ chelation, inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation | (8) |
| Chickpea seeds | Pepsin, pancreatin, UF | Low molecular weight peptides (3.5–7 kDa) | ABTS, DPPH, Fe2+ and Cu2+ chelation | (74) |
| Chickpea protein | Alcalase, SEC | Low molecular weight peptides (two peaks of 940–2622 Da and 220–940 Da) | Reducing power, DPPH, MRSA, SRSA, inhibition of linoleic acid autoxidation | (76) |
| Chickpea protein concentrate | Alcalase, SEC, RP-HPLC | DHG (327.33 Da), VGDI (402.49 Da) | DPPH, reducing power, inhibition of lipid oxidation, Fe2+ chelation | (65) |
| Chickpea protein isolates | RP-HPLC | ALEPDHR (836.2 Da), TETWNPNHPEL (1336.3 Da), FVPH (498.1 Da), SAEHGSLH (836.1 Da) | Reducing power, FRSA, inhibition of peroxyl-induced oxidation in Caco-2 cells | (77) |
| Chickpea seeds protein | Alcalase, Flavourzyme | Hydrolysates | DPPH, inhibition of lipid oxidation | (78) |
| Chickpea protein | Alcalase, Flavourzyme, SEC | RQSHFANAQP (1,155 Da) | DPPH, ABTS, HRSA | (21) |
| Chickpea protein (albumins or globulins) | Alcalase enzyme, UF, RP-UPLC-DAD | FEI, FEL, and FIE | ABTS, DPPH | (79) |
| Chickpea sprout protein | (Trypsin, neutrase, alcalase and papain) IEC, GFC, RP-HPLC, MALDI-TOF-MS/MS | LTEIIP (Leu-Thr-Glu-IIe-IIe-Pro) with 685.41 Da | DPPH, OH | (75) |
| Chickpea protein concentrate | Alcalase, GF, RP-HPLC, ESI-MS and ESIMS/MS | Asp-His-Gly and Val-Gly-Asp-Ile | DPPH | (35) |
| Chickpea protein hydrolysate | MAL-DI-TOF-TOF | Asn-Arg-Try-His-Glu (molecular weight, 717.37 Da) | Caco-2 cell line (in vivo), Catalase activity, Glutathione reductase (GR) activity, Glutathione peroxidase (GP) activity | (80) |