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. 2023 Oct 17;13(11):374. doi: 10.1007/s13205-023-03792-9

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© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 4 — Growth Inhibition (%) of Macrophomina phaseolina by different concentrations of cyclopaldic acid in vitro at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Data shown as means and standard deviation. NC: negative control of Macrophomina phaseolina. a 100 µg mL⁻¹ of cyclopaldic acid, b 50 µg mL⁻¹ of cyclopaldic acid, c 25 µg mL⁻¹ of cyclopaldic acid, d 12.5 µg mL⁻¹ of cyclopaldic acid. Differing signals (*) denote significant differences between group means according to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test for comparison between treatments with a confidence interval of 95% (α = 0.05)