. 2023 May 24;32(14):2043–2055. doi: 10.1007/s10068-023-01319-9

Table 3.

Effects of different pre-treatments on the content of bioactive compounds in gardenia seeds

Peak	RT (min)	ESI–MS	Identification	Bioactive compounds content (%)
Peak	RT (min)	ESI–MS	Identification	Raw seed	DP pre-treatment (1.0 MPa)	WP pre-treatment (90 °C)
1	1.967	353 [M−H]⁻	Chlorogenic acid	0.47 ± 0.04^a	0.41 ± 0.02^b	0.23 ± 0.005^c
2	2.808	595 [M+HCOO]⁻	Genipin-1-gentiobioside	1.65 ± 0.07^a	1.54 ± 0.30^a	1.53 ± 0.008^a
3	3.343	433 [M+HCOO]⁻	Geniposide	7.68 ± 0.06^a	6.86 ± 0.37^b	6.83 ± 0.05^b
4	5.438	609 [M−H]⁻	Rutin	0.63 ± 0.13^a	0.57 ± 0.02^b	0.59 ± 0.002^ab
5	7.318	975 [M−H]⁻	Crocin	10.45 ± 0.07^a	6.67 ± 0.06^b	9.20 ± 0.02^c

Values were the mean ± SD of three gardenia seed oils which was analyzed in triplicate. The average values in the same row followed by the same superior letters were not significantly different (p > 0.05)