Table 12.

Results of PERMANOVA and post hoc pairwise PERMANOVA comparisons for the first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) of animal measured values; significant post hoc p-values adjusted with the Benjamini–Hochberg correction.

Post hoc comparisons	df	SS	F	R2	P
Poland vs Italy	1	33.92	4.98	0.23	0.068
Poland vs USA	1	36.99	8.09	0.27	0.019
Poland vs Antarctica	1	49.69	8.77	0.23	0.017
Poland vs Albania	1	0.98	0.17	0.01	0.704
Poland vs Canada	1	5.39	0.65	0.02	0.485
Poland vs Madeira	1	144.31	16.56	0.37	0.003
Poland vs Mongolia	1	143.25	31.67	0.54	0.001
Italy vs USA	1	2.71	1.29	0.11	0.344
Italy vs Antarctica	1	2.50	0.52	0.03	0.502
Italy vs Albania	1	37.72	7.93	0.31	0.019
Italy vs Canada	1	26.61	2.96	0.13	0.145
Italy vs Madeira	1	6.09	0.62	0.04	0.496
Italy vs Mongolia	1	5.94	2.13	0.12	0.207
USA vs Antarctica	1	6.00	1.92	0.08	0.214
USA vs Albania	1	44.90	14.65	0.39	0.002
USA vs Canada	1	23.65	3.64	0.13	0.098
USA vs Madeira	1	18.70	2.72	0.11	0.150
USA vs Mongolia	1	30.82	21.91	0.51	0.001
Antarctica vs Albania	1	55.76	12.46	0.29	0.003
Antarctica vs Canada	1	42.92	6.06	0.16	0.033
Antarctica vs Madeira	1	39.28	5.29	0.15	0.041
Antarctica vs Mongolia	1	27.43	8.23	0.23	0.017
Albania vs Canada	1	11.33	1.61	0.05	0.256
Albania vs Madeira	1	164.10	22.24	0.43	0.001
Albania vs Mongolia	1	153.60	46.73	0.63	0.001
Canada vs Madeira	1	115.28	11.55	0.28	0.005
Canada vs Mongolia	1	133.00	21.73	0.43	0.001
Madeira vs Mongolia	1	23.85	3.72	0.12	0.085