. 2023 Oct 9;9(10):e20830. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20830

Table 2.

The mean and standard error (mean ± SE) values for the physicochemical content of commercially available honey collected from study areas.

Source of the sample	Proline(mg/kg)	Moisture content (g/100g)	pH	HMF (mg/kg)	Free acidity(meq/kg)	Ash(g/100g)
Supermarket	234.45 ± 16.9^c	21.36 ± 0.31^ab	3.62 ± 0.07^ab	20.15 ± 2.94^a	29.28 ± 3.1^ab	0.26 ± 0.03^a
Small shops	349.79 ± 53.4^abc	22.56 ± 1.19^a	3.44 ± 0.04^ab	14.72 ± 1.91^a	26 ± 1.71^ab	0.24 ± 0.04^a
Street honey	67.1 ± 0.52^d	21.77 ± 0.48^ab	3.46 ± 0.02^ab	16.26 ± 3.63^a	12 ± 1.15^c	0.15 ± 0.1^ab
Retail store(veranda)	281.98 ± 36.01^bc	20.49 ± 0.13^ab	3.32 ± 0.04^ab	14.95 ± 0.44^a	16.5 ± 1.3^bc	0.13 ± 0.03^bc
Honey trader	398.27 ± 29.73^ab	23.04 ± 0.62^a	3.38 ± 0.04^ab	21.23 ± 3.67^a	28.13 ± 1.1^ab	0.21 ± 0.1^ab
Processors	236.18 ± 44.69^c	19.48 ± 0.4^b	3.77 ± 0.05^a	17.5 ± 5.95^a	33.83 ± 5.15^a	0.26 ± 0.05^a
Open market	423.05 ± 11.91^a	22.3 ± 0.53^a	3.22 ± 0.00^b	10.66 ± 1.24^a	17.5 ± 0.29^abc	0.07 ± 0.01^c

Means with different superscript (a, b, c) columns are significantly different at P < 0.05 assessed by Duncan's multiple ranges.