. 2023 Oct 9;9(10):e20830. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20830

Table 3.

The mean and standard error (mean ± SE) of the sugar profile of commercially collected honey.

Source of the sample	Fructose (%)	Glucose (%)	Sucrose (%)	Maltose (%)	Reducing Sugar (%)	F/G ratio
Supermarket	39.13 ± 0.98^cd	37.9 ± 0.9^abc	2.87 ± 0.4^bc	1.17 ± 0.18^b	77.02 ± 1.1^bcd	1.07 ± 0.04^b
Small shops	33.85 ± 0.65^d	34.2 ± 3.34^bc	1.51 ± 0.1^bc	0.84 ± 0.08^b	68.01 ± 3.64^d	1.04 ± 0.10^b
Street honey	47.2 ± 0.24^ab	33.07 ± 1.58^c	13.4 ± 0.77^a	0.51 ± 0.14^b	80.3 ± 1.34^abc	1.43 ± 0.08^a
Retail store (veranda)	43.58 ± 1.9^abc	44.3 ± 0.82^a	6.23 ± 2.49^b	0.56 ± 0.15^b	87.88 ± 1.22^a	0.99 ± 0.06^b
Honey traders	39.42 ± 1.0^bcd	41.53 ± 2.7^ab	5.74 ± 1.5^bc	0.57 ± 0.10^b	80.95 ± 3.4^abc	0.99 ± 0.07^b
Processors	41.45 ± 1.6^abc	33.64 ± 1.7^bc	2.08 ± 0.5^bc	2.4 ± 0.44^a	75.10 ± 1.4^cd	1.27 ± 0.09^ab
Open market	48.61 ± 0.51^a	37.1 ± 0.04^abc	0.91 ± 0.05^c	0.79 ± 0.26^b	85.65 ± 0.55^ab	1.31 ± 0.01^ab

Note: Means with different superscripts (a, b, c, d) within the columns are statistically different at P < 0.05, F/G = Fructose to Glucose ratio.