Table 1.

Healthcare financing system characteristics^A,.

Country	GGHE-D	PVT-D	EXT	HFST	SHI
Angola	52.3	45.1	2.7	Public	No
Benin	23.7	52.0	24.3	Private	Yes
Botswana	62.6	27.7	9.7	Public	No
Burkina Faso	33.0	38.8	28.3	Mixed	Yes
Burundi	26.2	48.3	25.6	Mixed	Yes
Cabo Verde	66.6	26.9	6.5	Public	Yes
Cameroon	14.1	79.0	6.9	Private	No
Central African Rep.	21.0	54.2	24.8	Private	No
Chad	24.7	64.3	11.1	Private	No
Comoros	11.9	77.0	11.1	Private	Yesa
Congo (Republic)	37.0	48.4	14.6	Mixed	No
Congo (Dem. Rep.)	9.3	58.5	32.2	Private	Yesb
Côte d'Ivoire	16.6	72.9	10.6	Private	Yes
Djibouti	51.3	33.4	15.3	Public	Yes
Equatorial Guinea	19.3	77.2	3.4	Private	Yes
Eswatini (Kingdom of)	46.3	29.4	24.3	Mixed	No
Ethiopia	27.3	45.3	27.4	Mixed	No
Gabon	50.1	48.4	1.4	Public	Yes
Gambia	18.7	20.6	60.7	External	No
Ghana	38.8	47.8	13.4	Mixed	Yesc
Guinea	10.8	67.6	21.7	Private	Yes
Guinea-Bissau	22.8	50.5	26.7	Private	No
Kenya	32.8	46.0	21.2	Mixed	Yes
Lesotho	54.4	24.2	21.4	Public	No
Liberia	12.5	62.1	25.4	Private	No
Madagascar	38.5	39.5	22.0	Mixed	No
Malawi	26.3	17.0	56.8	External	No
Mali	22.7	52.3	25.0	Private	Yes
Mauritania	29.0	64.6	6.4	Private	Yesd
Mauritius	45.6	53.5	0.9	Private	No
Mozambique	29.6	17.3	53.1	External	No
Namibia	45.6	43.5	10.9	Mixed	No
Niger	27.9	59.7	12.5	Private	Yes
Nigeria	17.9	73.7	8.4	Private	Yese
Rwanda	27.4	26.4	46.2	Mixed	Yes
Sao Tome and Principe	34.1	26.1	39.7	Mixed	Yesf
Senegal	32.3	57.8	9.9	Private	Yes
Seychelles	71.1	27.6	1.3	Public	No
Sierra Leone	12.5	64.3	23.2	Private	No
South Africa	48.2	47.2	4.6	Mixed	No
Sudan	29.9	66.8	3.3	Private	Yes
Zambia	34.0	31.4	34.7	Mixed	No
Zimbabwe	26.1	49.9	24.0	Mixed	No

GGHE-D = Domestic General Government Health Expenditure as a percentage of Current Health Expenditure; PVT-D = Domestic Private Health Expenditure as a percentage of Current Health Expenditure; EXT = External Health Expenditure as a percentage of Current Health Expenditure; HFST = Healthcare Financing System Type; SHI = Social Health Insurance.

^AThe healthcare financing characteristics were assessed solely based on data in World Health Organization's Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED). Twenty-year (from 2000 to 2019) averages of the three sources of financing healthcare (Public, Private, and External) were computed for each health system and the source that predominated (i.e. provided 50 % or more) was used to characterize the health system. If none of the three sources predominated (i.e. each source provided less than 50 %) the health system is characterized as Mixed. With regard to Social Health Insurance (SHI), ‘Yes’ under SHI for a country means that the country had Social Health Insurance as one of the healthcare financing policy tools while ‘No’ indicated otherwise.

^aSince 2012.

^bSince 2016.

^cSince 2005.

^dSince 2007.

^eSince 2006.

^fSince 2014.