Skip to main content
. 2023 Oct 6;9(10):e20723. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20723

Table 1.

The selected SETS flood vulnerability indicators together with their source.

No Category Variables Abbrevation Data sources
1 Social exposure Total population PT www.worldpop.org (assessed in March 2023)
2 Population density PD www.worldpop.org (assessed in March 2023)
3 Social sensitivity Percentage of children <5 years PC www.worldpop.org (assessed in March 2023)
4 Percentage of population >65 years PO www.worldpop.org (assessed in March 2023)
5 Social adaptive
capacity
Percentage of women PW www.worldpop.org (assessed in March 2023)
6 Percentage of people who are unemployed PU ACA 2020
7 Ecological exposure Slope variation S ASTER- Global DEM with 12.5 m size grids.USGS: (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/)(accessed in February 2023.
8 The proximity of ecosystem to toxic release sites PE Adama City Environmental
Protection Bureau, field visit, and google earth digitization
9 Ecological sensitivity Combination of shape index and average patch size SP Developed from ACA vegetation layers, field visit, and google earth digitization
10 Percentage of bare soil within the area BS World Land Resource Center, Ethiopia
11 Ecological adaptive
capacity
Percentage of wetland within the area W Adama City Environmental
Protection Bureau, field visit, and google earth digitization
12 Productivity based on Normalized Difference in Vegetation Index (NDVI) PNDVI Sentinel-2A Satellite Image with 10 m size grids. Downloaded from USGS (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) acquired in February 2023
13 Technological exposure Building area (percentage of building area within the area) BA ESRI: https://livingatlas.arcgis.com/Landover/.acquired in February 2023
14 Critical infrastructure (CI) (wastewater, polluted industries, gas terminal) in the area CI Adama City Environmental
Protection Bureau, field visit, google earth digitization
15 Technological sensitivity Road density RD ACA, field visit, google earth digitization
16 Fractional Impervious surface FIS Developed from NDVI (Sentinel-2A Satellite Image with 10 m size grids. Downloaded from USGS (http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) assessed in February 2023)
17 Technological adaptive
capacity
Green Infrastructure (GI) density GI ACA, Field visit, google earth digitization
18 Emergency centers (distance of emergency centers (e.g., hospitals, schools, community centers)) EC ACA, Field visit, google earth digitization

The above SETS variables were developed based on Antwi, Boakye-Danquah [65]; Babanawo, Mattah [66]; Chang, Pallathadka [15]; and Salami, von Meding [29].