Table 8.
Perceived norms towards walking, cycling and riding non-motorised to school.
| Total sample (n = 70) |
Walking |
Cycling |
Riding non-motorised scooter |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Disagree n(%) | Neutral n(%) | Agree n(%) | Mean ± SD | Disagree n(%) | Neutral n(%) | Agree n(%) | Mean ± SD | Disagree n(%) | Neutral n(%) | Agree n(%) | P-value | |
| Attitudes | |||||||||||||
| For me, regularly walking/cycling/Riding a non-motorised scooter to school would be interestinga | 3.80 ± 1.48 | 28(40) | 0 | 42(60) | 2.81 ± 1.34 | 19(27.1) | 0 | 51(72.9) | 4.36 ± 1.24 | 15(21.4) | 0 | 55(78.6) | 0.001 |
| For me, regularly walking/cycling/Riding a non-motorised scooter to school would be pleasanta | 3.66 ± 0.48 | 24(34.3) | 0 | 46(65.7) | 3.87 ± 0.34 | 9(12.9) | 0 | 61(87.1) | 3.49 ± 0.50 | 36(51.4) | 0 | 34(48.6) | 0.001 |
| For me, regularly walking/cycling/Riding a non-motorised scooter to school would be boringa | 5.53 ± 0.50 | 33(47.1) | 0 | 37(52.9) | 5.76 ± 0.43 | 17 (24.39 | 0 | 53(75.7) | 5.29 ± 0.46 | 50(71.4) | 0 | 20(28.6) | 0.001 |
| For me, regularly walking/cycling/Riding a non-motorised scooter to school would be healthya | 1.96 ± 0.20 | 3(4.3) | 0 | 67(95.7) | 1.99 ± 0.12 | 1(1.4) | 0 | 69(98.6) | 1.64 ± 0.48 | 25(35.7) | 0 | 45(64.3) | 0.001 |
| For me, regularly walking/cycling/Riding a non-motorised scooter to school would be gooda | 3.83 ± 0.38 | 12(17.1) | 0 | 58(82.9) | 3.96 ± 0.20 | 3(4.3) | 0 | 67(95.7) | 3.47 ± 0.50 | 37(52.9) | 0 | 33(47.1) | 0.001 |
| For me, regularly walking/cycling/Riding a non-motorised scooter to school would be usefula | 2.3 ± 0.90 | 63(90) | 0 | 7(10) | 2.17 ± 0.70 | 66(94.3) | 0 | 4(5.79) | 3.16 ± 1.47 | 43(61.4) | 0 | 27(38.6) | 0.001 |
| Subjective/perceived norms | |||||||||||||
| My parents or guardians think I shouldb | 4.91 ± 2.12 | 13(18,6) | 20(28.6) | 37(52.8) | 5.51 ± 1.65 | 5(7.2) | 20(28.6) | 45(64.3) | 2.96 ± 1.81 | 34(48.6) | 28(40) | 8(11.4) | 0.001 |
| My friends think I think I should walk/ride a bicycle/non-motorised scooter to schoolb | 4.40 ± 1.92 | 13(18,6) | 33(47.1) | 24(34.3) | 5.03 ± 1.65 | 5(7.2) | 32(45.7) | 33(47.1) | 2.94 ± 1.70 | 32(45.8) | 33(47.1) | 5(7,2) | 0.001 |
| One or both of my parents or guardians walk/ride a bi- cycle/non-motorised scooter frequentlyb | 4.46 ± 2.26 | 20(28.6) | 15(21.4) | 35(50) | 4.67 ± 2.01 | 14(20) | 21(30.0) | 35(50.0) | 1.76 ± 1.52 | 57(81.2) | 8(11.4) | 5(7.1) | 0.001 |
| It is not considered cool to walk/ride a bicycle/non-motorised scooter to schoolb | 2.56 ± 1.81 | 41(58.6) | 23(32.9) | 6(8.6) | 2.60 ± 1.81 | 40(57.1) | 24(34.3) | 6(8.6) | 2.90 ± 1.87 | 39(55.7) | 22(31.4) | 9(12.8) | 0.485 |
| No other students walk/ride. a bicycle/non-motorised to schoolb< | 2.30 ± 1.62 | 46(65.7) | 20(28.6) | 4(5.7) | 2.29 ± 1.70 | 49(70.0) | 16(22.9) | 5(7.2) | 4.16 ± 2.40 | 24(34.3) | 21(30.0) | 25(35.7) | 0.001 |
| My school encourages me to walk/ride a bicycle/non-motorised scooter to schoolb | 4.41 ± 1.83 | 11(15.6) | 33(47.1) | 26(37.2) | 4.53 ± 1.75 | 10(14.3) | 31(44.3) | 29(41.4) | 3.30 ± 1.72 | 24(34.2) | 39(55.7) | 7(10.0) | 0.001 |
| Perceived behavioural control | |||||||||||||
| I am confident I could walk/ride a bicycle/non- motorised scooter to schoolb | 4.61 ± 2.01 | 18(25.7) | 7(10.0) | 45(64.3) | 6.03 ± 1.73 | 6(8.5) | 6(8.6) | 58(82.8) | 4.51 ± 2.40 | 21(30.0) | 13(18.6) | 36(51.4) | 0.001 |
| I have complete control over whether or not I walk/ride a bicycle/non-motorised to schoolb | 5.61 ± 1.89 | 7(10) | 14(20.0) | 49(70.0) | 5.84 ± 1.59 | 0 | NA | 0.0 | 4.47 ± 2.39 | 21(30.0) | 16(22.9) | 9(47.1) | 0.001 |
| Behavioural intentions | |||||||||||||
| I want to regularly walk/ride a bicycle/non-motorised scooter to schoolb< | 3.91 ± 2.32 | 28(40) | 14(20.0) | 28(40) | 4.87 ± 2.08 | 14(20) | 18(25.7) | 38(54.3) | 1.81 ± 1.55 | 49(84.2) | 6(8.6) | 5(7.2) | 0.001 |
| I intend to walk/ride a bicycle/non-motorised scooter to school frequentlyb | 4.39 ± 2.33 | 22(31.4) | 15(21.4) | 33(47.1) | 5.07 ± 2.01 | 11(15.7) | 19(27.1) | 40(57.2) | 1.94 ± 1.48 | 54(77.1) | 13(18.6) | 3(4.3) | 0.001 |
a
Data collected using a 6-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 6 = strongly agree). Data recorded as 1,2,3 = disagree, and 4,5,6 = agree to create categorical variables.
b
Data collected using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). Data recorded as 1,2,3 = disagree, 4 = neutral, and 5,6,7 = agree to create categorical variables.