Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with current allergic rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms among schoolchildren aged 6–7 years (N = 3614).
| Associated factor |
No. (%) |
Bivariate Model |
Multivariable Model |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Cooked vegetables | |||||
| Never or only occasionally | 60 (8.2%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Once or twice per week | 59 (4.7%) | 0.55 (0.38–0.80) | 0.002a | 0.43 (0.25–0.73) | 0.002a |
| Most or all days | 56 (5.5%) | 0.65 (0.45–0.95) | 0.026a | 0.52 (0.30–0.91) | 0.023a |
| Burgers | |||||
| Never or only occasionally | 71 (4.6%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Once or twice per week | 80 (6.6%) | 1.45 (1.04–2.01) | 0.027a | 1.17 (0.68–2.02) | 0.563 |
| Most or all days | 19 (9.3%) | 2.11 (1.24–3.57) | 0.006a | 1.56 (0.47–5.16) | 0.469 |
| Fast food | |||||
| Never or only occasionally | 75 (4.9%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Once or twice per week | 65 (6.0%) | 1.23 (0.87–1.73) | 0.240 | 0.93 (0.55–1.60) | 0.802 |
| Most or all days | 15 (9.5%) | 2.03 (1.14–3.62) | 0.017a | 0.95 (0.27–3.27) | 0.931 |
| Soft drinks | |||||
| Never or only occasionally | 93 (4.7%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Once or twice per week | 50 (7.3%) | 1.58 (1.11–2.25) | 0.012a | 1.44 (0.84–2.48) | 0.184 |
| Most or all days | 16 (8.5%) | 1.87 (1.08–3.25) | 0.027a | 1.32 (0.51–3.41) | 0.563 |
| Weekly vigorous physical activity | |||||
| Never or occasionally | 148 (5.8%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Once or more per weekb | 33 (9.3%) | 1.67 (1.12–2.47) | 0.011a | 1.22 (0.66–2.24) | 0.530 |
| Daily Computer Time | |||||
| Less than 1 h | 69 (4.6%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1 h but less than 3 h | 45 (5.8%) | 1.28 (0.87–1.88) | 0.215 | 0.71 (0.38–1.32) | 0.277 |
| 3 h or more | 61 (7.8%) | 1.74 (1.23–2.48) | 0.002a | 1.37 (0.82–2.30) | 0.233 |
| Paracetamol use in the last 12 months | |||||
| Never | 6 (1.1%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| At least once a year | 62 (4.6%) | 4.20 (1.81–9.77) | 0.001a | 1.77 (0.50–6.27) | 0.375 |
| At least once per month | 121 (8.5%) | 8.13 (3.56–18.57) | 0.000a | 2.95 (0.85–10.32) | 0.090 |
| Ever diagnosed with pneumonia | |||||
| No | 136 (4.3%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 51 (21.7%) | 6.20 (4.35–8.84) | 0.000a | 2.07 (1.12–3.83) | 0.021a |
| Trucks passing near home | |||||
| Never | 48 (4.3%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Seldom (not often) | 109 (5.8%) | 1.35 (0.96–1.92) | 0.088 | 0.96 (0.57–1.63) | 0.881 |
| Frequently or almost the whole day | 31 (7.5%) | 1.79 (1.12–2.85) | 0.015a | 0.99 (0.46–2.13) | 0.973 |
| Mother used paracetamol during pregnancy | |||||
| Never | 44 (3.5%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| At least once in pregnancy | 43 (6.6%) | 1.97 (1.28–3.03) | 0.002a | 1.05 (0.55–1.99) | 0.883 |
| At least once a month | 35 (8.0%) | 2.43 (1.54–3.84) | 0.000a | 1.27 (0.64–2.50) | 0.496 |
| More often | 40 (10.6%) | 3.29 (2.11–5.14) | 0.000a | 0.86 (0.39–1.91) | 0.712 |
| Don't know | 32 (4.5%) | 1.31 (0.83–2.09) | 0.249 | 1.01 (0.50–2.04) | 0.983 |
| Mother had regular contact with farm animals during pregnancy | |||||
| No | 184 (5.5%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 11 (11.1%) | 2.14 (1.12–4.07) | 0.021a | 2.53 (0.90–7.05) | 0.077 |
| Child born prematurely | |||||
| No | 164 (5.2%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 31 (14.9%) | 3.22 (2.13–4.86) | 0.000a | 2.32 (1.14–4.71) | 0.020a |
| Paracetamol use during the first year of life | |||||
| No | 14 (1.8%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 185 (6.9%) | 4.05 (2.34–7.02) | 0.000a | 2.59 (0.97–6.90) | 0.057 |
| Chest infection during the first year of life | |||||
| No | 75 (3.2%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 120 (11.3%) | 3.87 (2.87–5.22) | 0.000a | 1.19 (0.68–2.08) | 0.536 |
| Antibiotics used in the first year of life | |||||
| No | 86 (4.1%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 108 (7.9%) | 2.00 (1.49–2.67) | 0.000a | 0.76 (0.47–1.24) | 0.270 |
| Wheezing or whistling in the chest during the first year of life | |||||
| No | 111 (3.8%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 84 (17.5%) | 5.45 (4.03–7.37) | 0.000a | 3.79 (2.13–6.73) | 0.000a |
| Regular contact with farm animals during the first year of life | |||||
| No | 178 (5.5%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 17 (9.6%) | 1.83 (1.08–3.08) | 0.024a | 0.57 (0.19–1.76) | 0.330 |
| Ever attended day care | |||||
| No | 62 (4.1%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 114 (6.8%) | 1.715 (1.25–2.36) | 0.001a | 1.59 (0.97–2.59) | 0.065 |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI. confidence interval.
Note: This table only presents results for variables that achieved statistical significance based on the bivariate logistic model and were included in the multivariable regression model. Variables not meeting this criterion are not shown.
a
Significant.
b
Variable categories were combined and transformed into dichotomous values due to zero frequency