REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
HRP-conjugated sheep anti-mouse IgG	Cytiva	Cat #NA931
HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG1	Southern Biotech	Cat #1073-05
HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG2c	Southern Biotech	Cat #1079-05
anti-mouse CD28	Biolegend	Cat #102102; RRID: AB_312867
anti-mouse CD16/32	Biolegend	Cat #101302; RRID: AB_312801
FITC anti-mouse CD4	Biolegend	Cat #100406; RRID: AB_312691
PE anti-mouse CD8b.2	Biolegend	Cat #140408; RRID: AB_10644002
APC anti-mouse IFNγ	Biolegend	Cat #505810; RRID: AB_315404
FITC anti-mouse CD45	Biolegend	Cat #103107; RRID: AB_312972
PE/Cyanine7 anti-mouse CD64	Biolegend	Cat #139314; RRID: AB_2563904
Alexa Fluor(R) 488 anti-mouse CD11c	Biolegend	Cat #117311; RRID: AB_389306
Brilliant Violet 711(TM) anti-mouse I-A/I-E	Biolegend	Cat #107643; RRID: AB_2565976
Pacific Blue (TM) anti-mouse/human CD11b	Biolegend	Cat #101224; RRID: AB_755986
PE anti-mouse/human CD207 (Langerin)	Biolegend	Cat #144203; RRID: AB_2561498
APC anti-mouse/rat XCR1	Biolegend	Cat #148205; RRID: AB_2563931
APC/Cyanine7 anti-mouse/human CD45R/B220	Biolegend	Cat #103223; RRID: AB_313006
SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD antibody	Sino Biological	Cat #40592-T62
HA-Tag antibody	CST	Cat #3724S
Tubulin beta antibody	Affinity Biosciences	Cat #AF7011; RRID: AB_2827688
anti-rabbit IgG HRP-linked Antibody	CST	Cat #7074S
Bacterial and virus strains
pcDNA3-OVA	Addgene	Cat #64599
pcDNA3.1(+)-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (WT)	Wang et al.6	N/A
pcDNA3.1(+)-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Omicron BA.1)	Wang et al.6	N/A
psPAX2	Wang et al.6	N/A
pLenti-CMV-Puro-Luc (168w-1)	Wang et al.6	N/A
pCMV-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Delta)	Sino Biological	Cat #VG40804-UT
pCMV-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (Omicron BA.5)	Sino Biological	Cat #VG40930-UT
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
Isoflurane	RWD	Cat #R510
Hair removal cream	Nair	N/A
D-luciferin	Beyotime	Cat #ST198
DRAQ7	Biolegend	Cat #424001
Ovalbumin	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat #A5503
WT SARS-CoV-2 spike	Sino Biological	Cat #40589-V08B1
WT SARS-CoV-2 RBD	Sino Biological	Cat #40592-V08H
Omicron BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 spike	Sino Biological	Cat #40589-V08H26
ELISA coating buffer	Solarbio	Cat #C1055
Tween-20	Solarbio	Cat #T8220
BSA	Genview	Cat #FA016-100G
TMB	Beyotime	Cat #P0209
ELISA stopping solution	Beyotime	Cat #P0215
Lipo8000™	Beyotime	Cat #C0533
Polybrene	Beyotime	Cat #C0351
Firefly luciferase lysis buffer	Beyotime	Cat #RG126M
Luciferase substrate	Beyotime	Cat #RG058M
Erythrocyte lysate	Biosharp	Cat #BL503B
OVA257-264 (SIINFEKL)	Synpeptide	N/A
OVA323-339 (ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR)	Synpeptide	N/A
S263 (AAYYVGYL)	Synpeptide	N/A
S471 (EIYQAGST)	Synpeptide	N/A
S510 (VVVLSFEL)	Synpeptide	N/A
S538 (CVNFNFNGL)	Synpeptide	N/A
S820 (DLLFNKVTL)	Synpeptide	N/A
Brefeldin A solution	Biolegend	Cat #420601
Zombie Violet™ Fixable Viability Kit	Biolegend	Cat #423113
4% PFA	leagene	Cat #DF0135
Saponin	Beyotime	Cat #P0095
Collagenase type IV	Sigma	Cat #C5138
Dispase II	Roche	Cat #4942078001-1
DNase I	Roche	Cat #11284932001
Hyaluronidase	Solarbio	Cat #8030
Fixable Viability Stain 440UV	BD	Cat #566332
RIPA buffer	Beyotime	Cat #P0013B
PMSF	Beyotime	Cat #ST506
5 × SDS-PAGA Loading Buffer	Beyotime	Cat #P0015
10% polyacrylamide gel	ACE	Cat #ET12010LGel
PVDF membrane	Merck Millipore	Cat #ISEQ00010
TBST	Biosharp	Cat #JXF003
ECL Western blot substrate reagents	Fude	Cat #FD8020
Deposited data
Original Western blot images	This paper; Mendeley Data	https://doi.org/10.17632/zmtf5ykwkf.1
Experimental models: Cell lines
Human: HEK293T cells	Wang et al.6	N/A
Human: hACE2-293T cells	Wang et al.6	N/A
Experimental models: Organisms/strains
WT C57BL/6J mice	GemPharmatech Co. Ltd	N/A
Mouse: B6.Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm9(CAG-tdTomato)Hze/J (or tdTomatofl/fl)	The Jackson Laboratory	JAX: 007909
Mouse: B6.Cg-Tg(Itgax-cre)1-1Reiz/J (or CD11c-cre)	The Jackson Laboratory	JAX: 008068
Recombinant DNA
pcDNA3.1-Luc	This paper	N/A
pcDNA3.1-EGFP	This paper	N/A
pcDNA3.1-SARA-CoV-2 RBD (WT)	This paper	N/A
pcDNA3.1-SARA-CoV-2 S6P (WT)	This paper	N/A
pcDNA3.1-SARA-CoV-2 S6P (Delta)	This paper	N/A
pcDNA3.1-SARA-CoV-2 S6P (Omicron BA.1)	This paper	N/A
Software and algorithms
COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4	COMSOL	N/A
IVIS Lumina III	PerkinElmer	N/A
Living Image Software v 4.4	PerkinElmer	N/A
ImageJ software (version 1.51)	National Institutes of Health	N/A
KFbio Slide Viewer (KF-PRO-020)	KFBIO	N/A
Varioskan Lux Microplate Reader	Thermo Fisher	N/A
GraphPad Prism (version 9.51)	GraphPad Software, Inc.	N/A
FACSymphony A3	BD	N/A
Pymol 2.6	Schrodinger	N/A
FlowJo (version 10.0)	BD	N/A
Other
Arbitrary Waveform Function Generator	RIGOL	DG1022Z
High Voltage Amplifier	Aigtek	ATA-214
Microneedle array	This paper	N/A
The structure of WT SARA-CoV-2 Spike protein	PDB	ID: 6VYB