Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of participants by country in study 1.
| USA | UK | Poland | Germany | total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 492 | 600 | 558 | 490 | 2140 |
| male (%) | 242 (49.2) | 298 (49.7) | 270 (48.4) | 243 (49.6) | 1053 (49.2) |
| female (%) | 247 (50.2) | 301 (50.2) | 287 (51.4) | 245 (50.0) | 1080 (50.5) |
| other (%) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 7 (0.3) |
| age, M (s.d.) | 46.56 (18.39) | 50.44 (16.84) | 44.50 (17.06) | 47.25 (17.70) | 47.28 (17.59) |
| 18–24 | 74 (15.0) | 44 (7.3) | 67 (12.0) | 60 (12.2) | 245 (11.4) |
| 25–54 | 239 (48.6) | 308 (51.3) | 290 (52.0) | 226 (46.1) | 1063 (49.7) |
| 55–64 | 78 (15.9) | 106 (17.7) | 91 (16.3) | 91 (18.6) | 366 (17.1) |
| 65 < (%) | 101 (20.5) | 142 (23.7) | 110 (19.7) | 113 (23.1) | 466 (21.8) |
| education | |||||
| below upper secondary (%) | 35 (7.1) | 126 (21.0) | 13 (2.3) | 64 (13.1) | 238 (11.1) |
| upper secondary (%) | 214 (43.5) | 149 (24.8) | 353 (63.3) | 279 (57.0) | 994 (46.5) |
| tertiary (%) | 243 (49.4) | 325 (54.2) | 192 (34.4) | 147 (29.9) | 906 (42.4) |
| income relative to median | |||||
| low (%) | 174 (35.4) | 107 (17.8) | 183 (32.8) | 95 (19.4) | 559 (26.1) |
| middle (%) | 163 (33.1) | 412 (68.7) | 316 (56.6) | 313 (63.9) | 1204 (56.3) |
| high (%) | 155 (31.5) | 81 (13.5) | 59 (10.6) | 82 (16.7) | 377 (17.6) |
| region of residence | |||||
| predominantly urban | 231 (47.0) | 277 (46.2) | 449 (80.8) | 273 (55.7) | 1230 (57.5) |
| predominantly rural–suburb | 190 (38.6) | 224 (37.3) | 61 (11.0) | 160 (32.7) | 635 (29.7) |
| predominantly rural–remote | 71 (14.4) | 99 (16.5) | 46 (8.3) | 57 (11.6) | 293 (12.8) |
| religious affiliation | |||||
| non-affiliated | 188 (38.5) | 271 (45.4) | 128 (23.1) | 227 (46.4) | 814 (38.3) |
| Roman Catholic | 97 (19.9) | 68 (11.4) | 385 (69.6) | 108 (22.1) | 658 (30.9) |
| Orthodox | 3 (0.6) | 5 (0.8) | 10 (1.8) | 4 (0.8) | 22 (1.0) |
| Jewish | 13 (2.7) | 5 (0.8) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 21 (1.0) |
| Muslim | 7 (1.4) | 19 (3.2) | 2 (0.4) | 9 (1.8) | 37 (1.7) |
| Hindu | 6 (1.0) | 1 (0.2) | 7 (0.3) | ||
| Buddhist | 4 (0.8) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 9 (0.4) |
| Protestant | 107 (21.9) | 172 (28.8) | 9 (1.6) | 125 (25.6) | 413 (6.9) |
| other | 69 (14.1) | 49 (8.2) | 17 (3.1) | 11 (2.2) | 146 (6.9) |
| employment status | |||||
| employed full time | 160 (32.5) | 289 (48.2) | 310 (55.6) | 230 (46.9) | 989 (46.2) |
| employed part time | 56 (11.4) | 64 (10.7) | 45 (8.1) | 56 (11.4) | 211 (10.3) |
| unemployed, looking for work | 55 (11.2) | 13 (2.2) | 25 (4.5) | 7 (1.4) | 100 (4.7) |
| unemployed, not looking for work | 37 (7.5) | 34 (5.7) | 15 (2.7) | 17 (3.5) | 103 (4.8) |
| retired | 112 (22.8) | 150 (25.0) | 128 (22.9) | 120 (24.5) | 510 (23.8) |
| student | 25 (5.1) | 27 (4.5) | 28 (5.0) | 54 (11.0) | 134 (6.3) |
| disabled | 47 (9.6) | 23 (3.8) | 7 (1.3) | 6 (1.2) | 83 (3.9) |
| ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| majority members | 388 (79.0) | 524 (87.3) | 524 (93.9) | 446 (91.2) | 1882 (88.0) |
| minority members | 103 (21.0)a | 76 (12.7)b | 34 (6.1)c | 43 (8.8)d | 256 (12.0) |
aBlack/African American (n = 44/9.0%), Asian (n = 19/3.9%), American Indian or Alaska native (n = 2/0.4%), Hispanic (n = 28/5.7%), other (n = 3/0.3%).
bBlack/African/Caribbean/black British (n = 15/2.5%), Asian/Asian British: Indian (n = 14/2.3%), Asian/Asian British: Pakistani (n = 11/1.8%), mixed (n = 13/2.2%), other (n = 23/3.8%).
cSilesian (n = 20/3.6%), German (n = 3/0.5%), Ukrainian (n = 4/0.7%), other (n = 7/1.3%).
dUrkish (n = 5/1.0%), Polish (n = 6/1.2%), other (n = 32/6.5%).