Table 2.
Child vascular parameters at follow-up.
| Non-PE | PE-exposed | Early-onset exposed | Late-onset exposed | p-value | p-value | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis <340/7 weeks | Diagnosis ≥340/7 weeks | PE-exposed vs. non-PE | Mean difference (95% CI) | Early (dg) exposed vs. non-PE | Mean difference (95% CI) | Late (dg) exposed vs. non-PE | Mean difference (95% CI) | |||
| Carotid artery (mm) | N = 85 | N = 181 | N = 46 | N = 135 | ||||||
| Lumen diameter (diastole) | 4.84 (0.49) | 4.74 (0.45) | 5.67 (0.51) | 5.65 (0.49) | 0.128 | −0.09 (−0.21 to 0.03) | 0.231 | −0.11 (−0.28 to 0.07) | 0.171 | −0.09 (−0.21 to 0.04) |
| Lumen diameter (systole) | 5.71 (0.50) | 5.65 (0.50) | 4.73 (0.46) | 4.75 (0.44) | 0.413 | −0.05 (−0.18 to 0.08) | 0.683 | −0.04 (−0.22 to 0.15) | 0.390 | −0.06 (−0.19 to 0.08) |
| Intima-media thickness | 0.41 (0.05) | 0.41 (0.06) | 0.41 (0.06) | 0.41 (0.05) | 0.818 | 0 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.958 | 0 (−0.02 to 0.02) | 0.747 | 0 (−0.01 to 0.02) |
| Brachial artery (mm) | N = 85 | N = 180 | N = 46 | N = 134 | ||||||
| Lumen diameter (diastole) | 2.90 (0.30) | 2.86 (0.37) | 2.85 (0.37) | 2.87 (0.38) | 0.430 | −0.04 (−0.13 to 0.05) | 0.452 | −0.05 (−0.16 to 0.07) | 0.487 | −0.03 (−0.13 to 0.06) |
| Intima-media thickness | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.456 | 0 (0 to 0.01) | 0.560 | 0 (−0.01 to 0.01) | 0.497 | 0 (0 to 0.01) |
| Intima-media-adventitia thickness | 0.22 (0.04) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.259 | 0.01 (0 to 0.01) | 0.328 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.331 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.01) |
| Adventitia thickness | 0.11 (0.03) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.11 (0.02) | 0.336 | 0 (0 to 0.01) | 0.396 | 0 (−0.01 to 0.01) | 0.408 | 0 (0 to 0.01) |
| Radial artery (mm) | N = 85 | N = 179 | N = 46 | N = 133 | ||||||
| Lumen diameter (diastole) | 1.64 (0.21) | 1.65 (0.25) | 1.58 (0.24) | 1.68 (0.24) | 0.725 | 0.01 (−0.05 to 0.07) | 0.144 | −0.06 (−0.14 to 0.02) | 0.272 | 0.04 (−0.03 to 0.10) |
| Intima-media thickness | 0.12 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.02) | 0.13 (0.02) | 0.117 | 0 (0 to 0.01) | 0.431 | 0 (0 to 0.01) | 0.093 | 0.01 (0 to 0.01) |
| Intima-media-adventitia thickness | 0.19 (0.03) | 0.20 (0.03) | 0.19 (0.03) | 0.20 (0.03) | 0.088 | 0.01 (0 to 0.01) | 0.325 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.082 | 0.01 (0 to 0.02) |
| Adventitia thickness | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.280 | 0 (0 to 0.01) | 0.437 | 0 (0 to 0.01) | 0.301 | 0 (0 to 0.01) |
| Femoral artery (mm) | N = 85 | N = 181 | N = 46 | N = 135 | ||||||
| Lumen diameter (diastole) | 5.59 (0.67) | 5.61 (0.65) | 5.55 (0.66) | 5.63 (0.65) | 0.808 | 0.02 (−0.15 to 0.19) | 0.784 | −0.03 (−0.27 to 0.21) | 0.664 | 0.04 (−0.14 to 0.22) |
| Intima-media thickness | 0.21 (0.03) | 0.21 (0.03) | 0.21 (0.03) | 0.22 (0.03) | 0.266 | 0.01 (0 to 0.01) | 0.761 | 0 (−0.01 to 0.01) | 0.212 | 0.01 (0 to 0.02) |
| Intima-media-adventitia thickness | 0.39 (0.06) | 0.40 (0.06) | 0.40 (0.05) | 0.40 (0.06) | 0.133 | 0.01 (0 to 0.03) | 0.322 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03) | 0.147 | 0.01 (0 to 0.03) |
| Adventitia thickness | 0.18 (0.04) | 0.19 (0.04) | 0.19 (0.04) | 0.19 (0.04) | 0.175 | 0.01 (0 to 0.02) | 0.215 | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.238 | 0.01 (0 to 0.02) |
| Arterial coefficients | N = 85 | N = 181 | N = 46 | N = 135 | ||||||
| Carotid beta stiffness index (no unit) | 2.52 (0.68) | 2.50 (0.53) | 2.38 (0.42) | 2.54 (0.55) | 0.856 | −0.02 (−0.18 to 0.15) | 0.162 | −0.14 (−0.33 to 0.06) | 0.755 | 0.03 (−0.14 to 0.19) |
| Carotid distensibility coefficient (%/10 mmHg) | 10.4 (2.8) | 10.0 (2.6) | 10.4 (2.1) | 9.9 (2.7) | 0.285 | −0.37 (−1.05 to 0.31) | 0.990 | 0.01 (−0.84 to 0.85) | 0.189 | −0.50 (−1.25 to 0.25) |
| Carotid wall stress (mmHg) | 505 (84) | 509 (89) | 516 (105) | 506 (84) | 0.719 | 4.1 (−18.5 to 26.8) | 0.510 | 11.1 (−22.1 to 44.3) | 0.879 | 1.8 (−21.1 to 24.6) |
Data are presented as mean (SD) unless stated otherwise; significant p-values (<0.05) are in bold. Independent-sample t-test for normally distributed numerical data and Mann–Whitney U-test for non-normal distribution.