Table 3.

Univariate linear regression results for children's arterial intima-media thickness.

	Common carotid artery IMT				Brachial artery IMT				Radial artery IMT				Femoral artery IMT
	B (95% CI)	Standβ	R 2	p	B (95% CI)	Standβ	R 2	p	B (95% CI)	Standβ	R 2	p	B (95% CI)	Standβ	R 2	p
Sex (0 = female, 1 = male)	12.03 (−0.70 to 24.77)	0.114	0.013	0.064	10.38 (5.85 to 14.91)	0.268	0.072	<0.001	8.69 (3.88 to 13.50)	0.215	0.046	<0.001	7.12 (−0.91 to 15.15)	0.107	0.011	0.082
Age (years)	−0.03 (−5.82 to 5.75)	−0.001	0.000	0.991	2.12 (0.01 to 4.22)	0.121	0.015	0.049	6.11 (4.02 to 8.20)	0.335	0.112	<0.001	6.03 (2.46 to 9.61)	0.201	0.040	0.001
Anthropometrics
Body height (cm)	0.96 (0.30 to 1.62)	0.174	0.030	0.004	0.61 (0.38 to 0.85)	0.304	0.092	<0.001	0.80 (0.56 to 1.03)	0.378	0.143	<0.001	1.24 (0.85 to 1.63)	0.357	0.127	<0.001
Height z-score	11.62 (5.62 to 17.16)	0.229	0.052	<0.001	5.54 (3.38 to 7.69)	0.298	0.089	<0.001	3.81 (1.50 to 6.13)	0.197	0.039	0.001	9.31 (5.60 to 13.02)	0.291	0.085	<0.001
Body weight (kg)	0.45 (−0.12 to 1.02)	0.096	0.009	0.118	0.53 (0.34 to 0.73)	0.310	0.096	<0.001	0.38 (0.16 to 0.59)	0.209	0.044	<0.001	0.93 (0.59 to 1.28)	0.315	0.099	<0.001
Weight z-score (age)	7.72 (1.55 to 13.88)	0.150	0.022	0.014	5.53 (3.35 to 7.72)	0.294	0.086	<0.001	1.28 (−1.10 to 3.66)	0.065	0.004	0.292	9.27 (5.50 to 13.04)	0.286	0.082	<0.001
Body surface area (m2)	29.89 (−0.24 to 60.02)	0.119	0.014	0.052	29.32 (18.79 to 39.86)	0.320	0.102	<0.001	23.43 (12.15 to 34.70)	0.245	0.060	<0.001	53.52 (35.54 to 71.50)	0.339	0.115	<0.001
Lean body mass (kg)	1.15 (0.22 to 2.09)	0.148	0.022	0.016	0.99 (0.67 to 1.32)	0.352	0.124	<0.001	1.13 (0.79 to 1.46)	0.380	0.144	<0.001	1.90 (1.35 to 2.45)	0.384	0.148	<0.001
Skeletal muscle mass (kg)	1.98 (0.41 to 3.56)	0.151	0.023	0.014	1.70 (1.16 to 2.24)	0.357	0.128	<0.001	1.93 (1.36 to 2.49)	0.385	0.148	<0.001	3.19 (2.25 to 4.12)	0.383	0.146	<0.001
Head circumf (cm)	5.00 (1.25 to 8.76)	0.163	0.027	0.009	2.65 (1.29 to 4.00)	0.236	0.055	<0.001	1.97 (0.54 to 3.39)	0.170	0.029	0.007	4.63 (2.33 to 6.92)	0.242	0.059	<0.001
Thoracic circumf (cm)	0.92 (−0.04 to 1.87)	0.118	0.014	0.060	0.93 (0.60 to 1.26)	0.328	0.108	<0.001	0.38 (0.02 to 0.75)	0.131	0.017	0.038	1.18 (0.60 to 1.76)	0.244	0.060	<0.001
Hip circumf (cm)	0.37 (−0.35 to 1.10)	0.062	0.004	0.311	0.62 (0.36 to 0.87)	0.283	0.080	<0.001	0.31 (0.03 to 0.58)	0.136	0.018	0.028	1.15 (0.71 to 1.58)	0.306	0.093	<0.001
Brachial circumf (cm)	1.55 (−0.49 to 3.59)	0.093	0.009	0.137	1.43 (0.70 to 2.15)	0.236	0.056	<0.001	0.47 (−0.31 to 1.25)	0.075	0.006	0.233	2.54 (1.31 to 3.77)	0.247	0.061	<0.001
Antebrach circumf (cm)	3.99 (0.95 to 7.03)	0.160	0.026	0.010	2.19 (1.10 to 3.28)	0.241	0.058	<0.001	0.52 (−0.65 to 1.70)	0.055	0.003	0.380	3.99 (2.14 to 5.84)	0.258	0.067	<0.001
Arm length (cm)	2.60 (0.83 to 4.37)	0.179	0.032	0.004	1.59 (0.96 to 2.21)	0.299	0.090	<0.001	1.80 (1.15 to 2.45)	0.326	0.106	<0.001	2.75 (1.69 to 3.81)	0.305	0.093	<0.001
Thigh circumf (cm)	0.15 (−0.99 to 1.29)	0.016	0.000	0.798	0.57 (0.16 to 0.98)	0.170	0.029	0.006	0.21 (−0.22 to 0.65)	0.061	0.004	0.333	1.39 (0.71 to 2.07)	0.243	0.059	<0.001
Calf circumf (cm)	0.58 (−1.40 to 2.57)	0.036	0.001	0.563	1.54 (0.85 to 2.24)	0.264	0.070	<0.001	0.75 (0 to 1.50)	0.123	0.015	0.050	2.73 (1.55 to 3.91)	0.274	0.075	<0.001
Leg length (cm)	0.80 (−0.17 to 1.76)	0.102	0.010	0.104	0.65 (0.30 to 0.99)	0.226	0.051	<0.001	0.84 (0.48 to 1.19)	0.282	0.079	<0.001	1.38 (0.80 to 1.95)	0.284	0.081	<0.001
Adiposity
Waist–hip ratio (no unit)	−40.58 (−154.41 to 73.25)	−0.043	0.002	0.483	54.81 (13.59 to 96.03)	0.159	0.025	0.009	5.19 (−38.51 to 48.89)	0.014	0.000	0.815	34.04 (−37.62 to 105.70)	0.057	0.003	0.350
BMI (kg/m2)	0.39 (−1.52 to 2.31)	0.025	0.001	0.687	1.35 (0.67 to 2.03)	0.233	0.054	<0.001	0.17 (−0.56 to 0.90)	0.028	0.001	0.648	2.06 (0.88 to 3.24)	0.206	0.043	<0.001
BMI z-score	3.38 (−2.73 to 9.49)	0.067	0.004	0.277	3.86 (1.67 to 6.06)	0.209	0.044	<0.001	−0.47 (−2.81 to 1.88)	−0.024	0.001	0.695	6.89 (3.12 to 10.65)	0.216	0.047	<0.001
Fat mass (kg)	−0.02 (−1.05 to 1.01)	−0.002	0.000	0.972	0.52 (0.15 to 0.89)	0.168	0.028	0.006	−0.13 (−0.52 to 0.27)	−0.039	0.002	0.529	0.82 (0.17 to 1.46)	0.152	0.023	0.013
Fat percentage (%)	−0.12 (−0.85 to 0.62)	−0.019	0.000	0.755	0.16 (−0.11 to 0.42)	0.072	0.005	0.243	−0.39 (−0.67 to −0.12)	−0.171	0.029	0.006	0.35 (−0.11 to 0.82)	0.092	0.008	0.136
Ambulatory BP (mmHg)
24 h SBP	0.31 (−0.56 to 1.18)	0.049	0.002	0.480	0.45 (0.14 to 0.77)	0.193	0.037	0.005	0.45 (0.12 to 0.79)	0.183	0.033	0.009	0.90 (0.36 to 1.44)	0.222	0.049	0.001
24 h DBP	0.19 (−1.10 to 1.48)	0.020	0.000	0.773	−0.23 (−0.70 to 0.25)	−0.066	0.004	0.349	0.21 (−0.29 to 0.72)	0.058	0.003	0.406	0.08 (−0.75 to 0.90)	0.013	0.000	0.857
24 h PP	0.34 (−0.68 to 1.36)	0.046	0.002	0.514	0.73 (0.37 to 1.09)	0.267	0.071	<0.001	0.49 (0.09 to 0.88)	0.166	0.028	0.017	1.16 (0.53 to 1.80)	0.245	0.060	<0.001
Daytime SBP	0.23 (−0.59 to 1.04)	0.036	0.001	0.586	0.35 (0.06 to 0.64)	0.157	0.025	0.019	0.46 (0.14 to 0.77)	0.190	0.036	0.004	0.71 (0.20 to 1.21)	0.182	0.033	0.006
Daytime DBP	0.03 (−1.11 to 1.17)	0.004	0.000	0.957	−0.14 (−0.55 to 0.27)	−0.045	0.002	0.507	0.25 (−0.19 to 0.69)	0.074	0.006	0.268	0.08 (−0.64 to 0.79)	0.014	0.000	0.830
Daytime PP	0.37 (−0.65 to 1.39)	0.048	0.002	0.474	0.67 (0.31 to 1.02)	0.241	0.058	<0.001	0.51 (0.12 to 0.90)	0.169	0.029	0.011	1.03 (0.41 to 1.65)	0.213	0.045	0.001
Nighttime SBP	0.26 (−0.43 to 0.96)	0.051	0.003	0.452	0.30 (0.06 to 0.55)	0.160	0.026	0.017	0.28 (0.01 to 0.55)	0.139	0.019	0.039	0.56 (0.13 to 0.99)	0.170	0.029	0.011
Nighttime DBP	−0.02 (−1.00 to 0.95)	−0.003	0.000	0.964	−0.28 (−0.63 to 0.07)	−0.105	0.011	0.118	0.03 (−0.35 to 0.40)	0.009	0.000	0.889	−0.18 (−0.79 to 0.44)	−0.038	0.001	0.571
Nighttime PP	0.23 (−0.61 to 1.07)	0.036	0.001	0.591	0.69 (0.40 to 0.98)	0.303	0.092	<0.001	0.38 (0.06 to 0.70)	0.156	0.024	0.021	1.05 (0.54 to 1.56)	0.263	0.069	<0.001
PWV
Carotid–femoral PWV (m/s)	−2.68 (−11.28 to 5.92)	−0.039	0.002	0.540	2.79 (−0.38 to 5.95)	0.110	0.012	0.084	7.55 (4.37 to 10.73)	0.284	0.081	<0.001	6.42 (1.15 to 11.70)	0.150	0.023	0.017
Carotid–radial PWV (m/s)	2.03 (−3.63 to 7.69)	0.045	0.002	0.481	1.41 (−0.68 to 3.50)	0.084	0.007	0.184	3.02 (0.87 to 5.17)	0.173	0.030	0.006	1.13 (−2.37 to 4.64)	0.040	0.002	0.525
Central SBP (mmHg)	0.35 (−0.21 to 0.92)	0.077	0.006	0.222	0.31 (0.11 to 0.52)	0.187	0.035	0.003	0.45 (0.24 to 0.66)	0.256	0.066	<0.001	0.50 (0.15 to 0.85)	0.177	0.031	0.005
Central DBP (mmHg)	0.34 (−0.75 to 1.42)	0.039	0.001	0.543	0.10 (−0.30 to 0.50)	0.031	0.001	0.620	0.34 (−0.07 to 0.76)	0.103	0.011	0.105	0.31 (−0.36 to 0.98)	0.057	0.003	0.364
Central PP (mmHg)	0.28 (−0.31 to 0.87)	0.060	0.004	0.345	0.31 (0.10 to 0.52)	0.177	0.031	0.005	0.38 (0.16 to 0.61)	0.210	0.044	<0.001	0.45 (0.09 to 0.81)	0.152	0.023	0.015

B, unstandardized beta; Standβ, standardized beta; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; R², non-adjusted R square; circumf, circumference.

The unstandardized coefficients (and 95% CIs) have been multiplied by 1,000, showing the change in micrometers.

Significant p-values (<0.01) are in bold.