Table 4.
Univariate linear regression results for children's local carotid artery stiffness, distensibility, and wall stress.
| Local carotid artery stiffness | Local carotid artery distensibility | Local carotid artery wall stress | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B (95% CI) | Standβ | R 2 | p | B (95% CI) | Standβ | R 2 | p | B (95% CI) | Standβ | R 2 | p | |
| Sex (0 = female, 1 = male) | 0.03 (−0.11 to 0.17) | 0.027 | 0.001 | 0.661 | −0.07 (−0.71 to 0.57) | −0.013 | 0.000 | 0.831 | 5.12 (−16.05 to 26.29) | 0.029 | 0.001 | 0.635 |
| Age (years) | 0.06 (0 to 0.13) | 0.120 | 0.014 | 0.051 | −0.34 (−0.63 to −0.05) | −0.143 | 0.020 | 0.020 | 0.63 (−8.93 to 10.19) | 0.008 | 0.000 | 0.897 |
| Anthropometrics | ||||||||||||
| Body height (cm) | 0 (0 to 0.01) | 0.058 | 0.003 | 0.348 | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.01) | −0.098 | 0.010 | 0.110 | −0.04 (−1.15 to 1.06) | −0.005 | 0.000 | 0.939 |
| Height z-score | −0.02 (−0.09 to 0.05) | −0.032 | 0.001 | 0.603 | 0 (−0.31 to 0.30) | −0.001 | 0.000 | 0.985 | −0.80 (−10.98 to 9.38) | −0.010 | 0.000 | 0.877 |
| Body weight (kg) | 0.01 (0 to 0.01) | 0.098 | 0.010 | 0.113 | −0.04 (−0.07 to −0.02) | −0.189 | 0.036 | 0 . 002 | 1.17 (0.24 to 2.10) | 0.150 | 0.023 | 0 . 014 |
| Weight z-score (age) | 0.04 (−0.03 to 0.11) | 0.070 | 0.005 | 0.259 | −0.37 (−0.68 to −0.06) | −0.143 | 0.021 | 0.019 | 11.41 (1.20 to 21.63) | 0.134 | 0.018 | 0.029 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 0.27 (−0.07 to 0.61) | 0.098 | 0.010 | 0.114 | −2.25 (−3.73 to −0.76) | −0.180 | 0.032 | 0 . 003 | 50.86 (1.11 to 100.62) | 0.123 | 0.015 | 0.045 |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02) | 0.055 | 0.003 | 0.372 | −0.05 (−0.10 to 0) | −0.126 | 0.016 | 0.041 | 1.03 (−0.53 to 2.59) | 0.080 | 0.006 | 0.194 |
| Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 0.01 (−0.01 to 0.03) | 0.053 | 0.003 | 0.393 | −0.08 (−0.16 to 0) | −0.124 | 0.015 | 0.043 | 1.68 (−0.96 to 4.31) | 0.077 | 0.006 | 0.212 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.07) | 0.080 | 0.006 | 0.206 | −0.24 (−0.43 to −0.06) | −0.163 | 0.027 | 0 . 009 | 8.66 (2.51 to 14.80) | 0.172 | 0.030 | 0 . 006 |
| Adiposity | ||||||||||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | 0.01 (0 to 0.02) | 0.137 | 0.019 | 0.027 | −0.07 (−0.10 to −0.04) | −0.252 | 0.064 | <0 . 001 | 1.93 (0.89 to 2.97) | 0.219 | 0.048 | <0 . 001 |
| Waist–hip ratio (no unit) | 1.48 (0.23 to 2.73) | 0.143 | 0.021 | 0.020 | −11.17 (−16.69 to −5.66) | −0.239 | 0.057 | <0 . 001 | 301 (116 to 485) | 0.193 | 0.037 | 0 . 002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.02 (0 to 0.04) | 0.120 | 0.014 | 0.051 | −0.17 (−0.26 to −0.08) | −0.217 | 0.047 | <0 . 001 | 5.52 (2.43 to 8.62) | 0.211 | 0.045 | <0 . 001 |
| BMI z-score | 0.06 (−0.01 to 0.12) | 0.100 | 0.010 | 0.105 | −0.43 (−0.73 to −0.13) | −0.172 | 0.030 | 0 . 005 | 14.55 (4.59 to 24.52) | 0.174 | 0.030 | 0 . 004 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 0.01 (0 to 0.02) | 0.103 | 0.011 | 0.096 | −0.08 (−0.13 to −0.03) | −0.197 | 0.039 | 0 . 001 | 2.77 (1.10 to 4.44) | 0.197 | 0.039 | 0 . 001 |
| Fat (%) | 0.01 (0 to 0.02) | 0.110 | 0.012 | 0.076 | −0.05 (−0.09 to −0.02) | −0.177 | 0.031 | 0 . 004 | 1.65 (0.46 to 2.85) | 0.165 | 0.027 | 0 . 007 |
| PWV | ||||||||||||
| Carotid–femoral PWV (m/s) | −0.07 (−0.16 to 0.03) | −0.086 | 0.007 | 0.176 | −0.04 (−0.47 to 0.38) | −0.013 | 0.000 | 0.842 | 19.35 (5.47 to 33.22) | 0.171 | 0.029 | 0 . 006 |
| Carotid–radial PWV (m/s) | −0.06 (−0.12 to 0.01) | −0.112 | 0.013 | 0.077 | 0.11 (−0.17 to 0.39) | 0.049 | 0.002 | 0.440 | 6.43 (−2.82 to 15.68) | 0.087 | 0.008 | 0.172 |
B, unstandardized beta; Standβ, standardized beta; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; R2, non-adjusted R square.
Significant p-values (<0.01) are in bold.