Table 3.

Yield losses of different crops due to high temperature.

Crops Species	High temperature caused yield loss	References
Cotton	In Nanjing, China, a temperature increase of 2–3 °Celsius over the ideal temperature (32 °Celsius) resulted in a 10% loss in biomass and a 40% decrease in yield.	[11]
Wheat	A 0.5 °C rise in the typical temperature is expected to diminish rained crops in China by 4–7% by 2050.	[88]
Wheat	Drought and heat stress high temperature and water deficit stress have the potential to minimize yield losses by 9–10%.	[89]
rice	Heat stress episodes throughout the reproductive season endanger more than 120 million hectares of rice production.	[90]
Maize	Each 1 °Celsius increase above 30 °Celsius decreases production by 1%, with 45% worldwide yield losses estimated by the 2080s.	[91]
Barley	During 1981 to 2002, rising air temperatures lowered yields by eight million metric tons every year, cost around $1.0 billion.	[92]
Soybean	Around 2100, yield losses in the United States will be 46%.	[93]
Different crops	In India, every 1 °C increase might result in yield losses of $20 billion each year.	[94]

Yousaf, M. I., Q. Hussain, M. S. Alwahibi, M. Z. Aslam, M. Z. Khalid, S. Hussain, A. Zafar, S. A. S. Shah, A. M. Abbasi and A. Mehboob (2023). "Impact of heat stress on agro-morphological, physio-chemical and fiber related paramters in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes." Journal of King Saud University-Science35(1): 102,379.