Table 2. Participant Characteristics by Orthostatic Hypotension and by Standing Hypotension (N = 29 235)a.
| Characteristics | Orthostatic hypotensionb | Standing hypotensionb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 2592) | No (n = 26 643) | Yes (n = 1307) | No (n = 27 928) | |
| Demographic information | ||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 69.5 (11.1) | 69.0 (10.8) | 69.6 (11.2) | 69.0 (10.8) |
| Age >75 y, No. (%) | 873 (33.7) | 8184 (30.7) | 479 (36.6) | 8578 (30.7) |
| Sex, No. (%) | ||||
| Female | 1312 (50.6) | 12 808 (48.1) | 563 (43.1) | 13 557 (48.5) |
| Male | 1280 (49.4) | 13 835 (51.9) | 744 (56.9) | 14 371 (51.5) |
| Black race, No./total (%)c | 414/1923 (21.5) | 5103/18 779 (27.2) | 330/1270 (26.0) | 5187/19 432 (26.7) |
| Medical conditions | ||||
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 539 (20.8) | 4278/26 639 (16.1) | 232 (17.8) | 4585/27 924 (16.4) |
| Prior stroke, No./total (%) | 302/2391 (12.6) | 2510/24 427 (10.3) | 201/1137 (17.7) | 2611/25 681 (10.2) |
| History of cardiovascular disease, No./total (%) | 353/2492 (14.2) | 3304/25 642 (12.9) | 297/1223 (24.3) | 3360/26 911 (12.5) |
| BP measures | ||||
| Prerandomization seated SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 161.4 (21.3) | 154.5 (21.3) | 131.7 (22.1) | 156.2 (20.8) |
| Prerandomization seated DBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 83.5 (12.3) | 81.8 (11.5) | 64.6 (11.0) | 82.7 (11.0) |
| Prerandomization standing SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 141.8 (21.9) | 154.1 (20.7) | 121.5 (22.9) | 154.5 (19.8) |
| Prerandomization standing DBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 76.9 (13.5) | 84.9 (11.6) | 61.0 (9.8) | 85.2 (10.9) |
| Prerandomization postural change in SBP, mean (SD), mm Hgd | −19.6 (11.0) | −0.4 (9.8) | −10.2 (12.8) | −1.7 (11.1) |
| Prerandomization postural change in DBP, mean (SD), mm Hgd | −6.6 (8.8) | 3.1 (6.7) | −3.7 (9.0) | 2.5 (7.2) |
| Prerandomization seated BP ≥130/≥80 mm Hg, No. (%) | 2464 (95.1) | 23 824 (89.4) | 674 (51.6) | 25 614 (91.7) |
| Prerandomization orthostatic hypotension, No. (%) | 2592 (100) | 0 | 427 (32.7) | 2165 (7.8) |
| Prerandomization standing SBP ≤110 mm Hg or DBP ≤60 mm Hg, No. (%) | 427 (16.5) | 880 (3.3) | 1307 (100) | 0 |
| Physical measures and laboratory values | ||||
| Body mass index, mean (SD)e | 27.9 (5.3) [n = 2573] | 28.5 (5.5) [n = 26 481] | 28.6 (5.5) [n = 1302] | 28.4 (5.5) [n = 27 752] |
| Obese, No./total (%) | 734/2573 (28.5) | 8551/26 481 (32.3) | 428/1302 (32.9) | 8857/27 752 (31.9) |
| eGFR, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2f | 67.7 (20.6) [n = 1808] | 70.2 (19.5) [n = 21 326] | 65.0 (22.0) [n = 1099] | 70.3 (19.5) [n = 22 035] |
| Stage 3 chronic kidney disease (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), No./total (%)f | 845/2531 (33.4) | 7992/26 188 (30.5) | 511/1276 (40.0) | 8326/27 443 (30.3) |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
See eTable 3 in Supplement 1 for participant characteristics in treatment goal and placebo-controlled trials.
Orthostatic hypotension is defined as a change on standing in SBP of −20 mm Hg or more extreme or in DBP of −10 mm Hg or more extreme. Standing hypotension is defined as an SBP of ≤110 mm Hg or a DBP of ≤60 mm Hg.
Self-reported. These data are limited, particularly among international trials, in which race was not consistently reported.
Standing minus seated BP. Because orthostatic hypotension is defined based on either systolic or diastolic thresholds, the means for SBP and DBP are less extreme than the orthostatic hypotension threshold of −20 mm Hg or −10 mm Hg.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) 2021 race-free creatinine equation. eGFR was not available from UKPDS or SHEP. UKPDS provides stage 3 chronic kidney disease categories based on the 2021 CKD-EPI equation. For SHEP, we relied on a self-reported history of kidney disease.