Table 7.
Health care use cost and health benefit differences at 6 and 12 months considering all-cause and cardiac-related nonelective hospital admissions per participant.
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All cause | Cardiac relateda | |||||||||||||||||
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Intervention, mean change (SD) | Control, mean change (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | ICERb (Aus $c) | Intervention, mean change (SD) | Control, mean change (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | ICER (Aus $) | |||||||||||
| Baseline to 6 mo | |||||||||||||||||||
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Health care use costs (Aus $)d | 2041.53 (1860.55)e | 1423.63 (6248.96) | 617.90 (−1048.97 to 2284.77) | —f | 1819.23 (1246.59) | 1079.65 (6096.69) | 739.58 (−851.30 to 2330.46) | — | ||||||||||
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Hospital admissions | 361.00 (1287.94) | 1111.48 (5948.69) | −750.48 (−2306.51 to 805.55) | — | 138.70 (413.12) | 767.50 (5838.20) | −628.80 (−2125.08 to 867.48) | — | |||||||||
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EDg | 315.83 (605.23) | 136.00 (326.61) | 179.83 (3.46 to 356.20) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
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Effectiveness | ||||||||||||||||||
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SBh (min/d) | 16.84 (109.94) | 14.43 (114.34) | 2.41 (−38.15 to 42.96) | 256.39 | 16.84 (109.94) | 14.43 (114.34) | 2.41 (−38.15 to 42.96) | 306.88 | |||||||||
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MVPAi (min/d) | 0.37 (24.20) | 4.65 (20.02) | −4.28 (−12.31 to 3.75) | −144.37 | 0.37 (24.20) | 4.65 (20.02) | −4.28 (−12.31 to 3.75) | −172.80 | |||||||||
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LPAj (min/d) | 11.80 (60.92) | 10.84 (47.55) | 0.95 (−18.80 to 20.71) | 643.65 | 11.80 (60.92) | 10.84 (47.55) | 0.95 (−18.80 to 20.71) | 770.40 | |||||||||
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BMI (kg/m2) | −0.20 (1.29) | 0.03 (1.35) | −0.23 (−0.71 to 0.25) | −2686.52 | −0.20 (1.29) | 0.03 (1.35) | −0.23 (−0.71 to 0.25) | −3215.57 | |||||||||
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Waist circumference (cm) | −1.29 (4.50) | −2.18 (6.23) | 0.89 (−1.08 to 2.86) | 694.27 | −1.29 (4.50) | −2.18 (6.23) | 0.89 (−1.08 to 2.86) | 830.99 | |||||||||
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Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 5.52 (12.87) | 3.36 (14.81) | 2.16 (−3.41 to 7.74) | 286.06 | 5.52 (12.87) | 3.36 (14.81) | 2.16 (−3.41 to 7.74) | 342.40 | |||||||||
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6-min walk test distance (m) | 55.69 (62.19) | 84.42 (127.01) | −28.73 (−77.89 to 20.42) | −21.51 | 55.69 (62.19) | 84.42 (127.01) | −28.73 (−77.89 to 20.42) | −25.74 | |||||||||
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AQoLk-6D Utility (0-1.0) | 0.03 (0.10) | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.004 (−0.03 to 0.04) | 61,790.00 | 0.03 (0.10) | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.004 (−0.03 to 0.04) | 73,958.00 | |||||||||
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Anxiety (0-21) | −0.57 (2.13) | −0.35 (2.07) | 0.38 (−0.97 to 0.54) | −2808.64 | −0.57 (2.13) | −0.35 (2.07) | −0.22 (−0.97 to 0.54) | −3361.73 | |||||||||
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Depression (0-21) | −0.45 (1.67) | −0.58 (1.92) | 0.13 (−0.52 to 0.78) | 4753.08 | −0.45 (1.67) | −0.58 (1.92) | 0.13 (−0.52 to 0.78) | 5689.08 | |||||||||
| Baseline to 12 mo | |||||||||||||||||||
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Health care use costs (Aus $)c | 3507.08 (11,730.49) | 1639.17 (6359.44) | 1867.92 (−1543.35 to 5279.19) | — | 1932.93 (1640.97) | 1171.53 (6134.12) | 761.40 (−861.94 to 2384.74) | — | ||||||||||
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Hospital admissions | 1826.55 (11,454.49) | 1327.02 (6007.08) | 499.53 (−2807.09 to 3806.16) | — | 252.40 (784.37) | 859.38 (5850.84) | −606.98 (−2116.14 to 092.18) | — | |||||||||
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ED | 593.98 (1046.12) | 312.15 (686.72) | 281.83 (−38.61 to 602.28) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
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Effectiveness | ||||||||||||||||||
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SB (min/d) | 19.99 (105.30) | 25.30 (156.05) | −5.31 (−53.44 to 42.82) | −351.77 | 19.99 (105.30) | 25.30 (156.05) | −5.31 (−53.44 to 42.82) | −143.39 | |||||||||
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MVPA (min/d) | −1.39 (29.49) | 1.94 (19.64) | −3.33 (−12.39 to 5.72) | −9.56 | −1.39 (29.49) | 1.94 (19.64) | −3.33 (−12.39 to 5.72) | −228.65 | |||||||||
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LPA (min/d) | 7.16 (64.21) | 13.80 (52.34) | −6.64 (−27.82 to 14.54) | −281.31 | 7.16 (64.21) | 13.80 (52.34) | −6.64 (−27.82 to 14.54) | −114.67 | |||||||||
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BMI (kg/m2) | 0.38 (1.34) | 0.34 (1.44) | 0.04 (−0.46 to 0.55) | 46,697.75 | 0.38 (1.34) | 0.34 (1.44) | 0.04 (−0.46 to 0.55) | 19,035.00 | |||||||||
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Waist circumference (cm) | 0.37 (5.64) | −0.42 (5.61) | 0.78 (−1.25 to 2.82) | 2364.44 | 0.37 (5.64) | −0.42 (5.61) | 0.78 (−1.25 to 2.82) | 963.80 | |||||||||
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Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 4.59 (13.12) | 7.36 (20.81) | −2.77 (−9.84 to 4.29) | −674.34 | 4.59 (13.12) | 7.36 (20.81) | −2.77 (−9.84 to 4.29) | −274.87 | |||||||||
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6-min walk test distance (m) | 96.95 (130.96) | 97.37 (129.12) | −0.43 (−59.09 to 58.23) | −4344.00 | 96.95 (130.96) | 97.37 (129.12) | −0.43 (−59.09 to 58.23) | −1770.70 | |||||||||
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AQoL-6D Utility (0-1.0) | 0.04 (0.09) | 0.02 (0.12) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.06) | 93,395.50 | 0.04 (0.09) | 0.02 (0.12) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.06) | 38,070.00 | |||||||||
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Anxiety (0-21) | −0.65 (1.87) | −0.48 (2.04) | −0.17 (−0.87 to 0.54) | −10,987.71 | −0.65 (1.87) | −0.48 (2.04) | −0.17 (−0.87 to 0.54) | −4478.82 | |||||||||
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Depression (0-21) | −0.35 (1.80) | −0.95 (2.03) | 0.60 (−0.09 to 1.29) | 3113.18 | −0.35 (1.80) | −0.95 (2.03) | 0.60 (−0.09 to 1.29) | 1269.00 | |||||||||
aCardiac-related admission determined by Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Group codes (F01A to F10B, F12A to F12B, F14A to F19B, F22Z to F60B, F66A-F67B, and F69A to F76B).
bICER: incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
cA currency exchange rate of Aus $1=US $0.69 is applicable.
dDirect cost of intervention and indirect cost of either all-cause or cardiac-related hospital admissions and emergency department presentations per participant, Aus $.
eIncludes cost of intervention: Aus $1086.55. ICER = (intervention cost – control cost) / (intervention effect – control effect), where effect is the health outcome.
fHealth care use costs are accounted for in the ICER calculation for secondary outcomes.
gED: emergency department.
hSB: sedentary behavior.
iMVPA: moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity.
jLPA: light-intensity physical activity.
kAQoL: Assessment of Quality of Life.