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. 2023 Oct 4;13:1261074. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1261074

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Copyright © 2023 Veras, de Santana, Brodskyn, Fraga, Solcà, De Menezes, Leite and Teixeira

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hematological alterations in bone marrow and peripheral blood during VL. This illustration highlights the main hematological abnormalities observed in the peripheral blood of humans affected by VL. These include anemia, which can result from various causes, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia due to reduced counts of monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes. The reduction in cell counts coexists in bone marrow with an increase in cells from different lineages, such as myelopoietic stem cells, erythroid precursors, neutrophilic precursors, and monocytic precursors. Additionally, common alterations observed in the bone marrow of VL patients include erythrophagocytosis and leukophagocytosis.