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. 2023 Oct 18;13(44):30586–30605. doi: 10.1039/d3ra05062a

Numerous kinds of soil pollutants with their sources.

Pollutants Sources/contamination path Ref.
Naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene Fossil fuel combustion, traffic emissions, coke ovens, diesel and gasoline engines 35
DDT Directly used as pesticides and agricultural pests and vectors 36
HCB Air emissions, combustion products, municipal incinerators, volatilization and leaching from landfills 37
PCBs Widely used as coolants and lubricants in transformers, also used in numerous electrical equipment 38
α-HCH and β-HCH Leaching and volatilization, deposition of wastes from chemical industries 38
Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg, Sn, Zn) Disposal of wastes from industrial areas, leaded gasoline and paints, application of fertilizers and pesticides, sewage sludge, wastewater irrigation, spillage of petrochemicals, coal combustion residues 39
Bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, parabens, chlorpyrifos Plastics, plasticizers, pesticides 40