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. 2023 Sep 28;78:101812. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101812

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Liver GNE deletion alters liver glucose production and storage. A. Male GNEfl/fl mice were injected with control AAV8-GFP or AAV8-Cre at 5 weeks of age, and fed control diet for 2 weeks. Pyruvate tolerance tests (2 g/kg, body weight) were performed after 16 h fast (N = 13, 14/group). B, C. Expression of G6pc (B) or Pck1 (C) mRNA by qRT-PCR in the liver of mice after 16 h fast (Fasted) or after 16 h fast followed by 4 h refeed (Refed). N = 7/group. D. Plasma NEFA levels in fed mice or mice after 6 h or 16 h fast (N = 8–11). E. Following GTT in mice after 16 h fast, glycogen levels in the liver were measured (N = 8,7/group). F. Liver glycogen levels in fed mice or mice after 6 h or 16 h fast (N = 8–12/group). G, H. Following GTT in mice after 16 h fast, [3H]-2-deoxyglucose incorporation into glycogen (G) and glycogen synthesis rate (H) were measured (N = 8,7/group). I. Expression of Gck mRNA by qRT-PCR in the liver of mice after 16 h fast (Fasted) or after 16 h fast followed by 4 h refeed (Refed) (N = 7/group). J. Mouse primary hepatocytes were treated with vehicle, insulin (100 nM), glucagon (30 nM) or both for 30 min, followed by additional 6 h incubation in the presence of the substrates (20 mM lactate, 2 mM pyruvate, 10 mM glutamine). Glucose in culture buffer was measured (N = 6/group). K, L. Mouse primary hepatocytes were treated with vehicle, insulin (100 nM), glucagon (30 nM) or both for 6 h, and expression of G6pc (K) and Pck1 (L) was evaluated by qRT-PCR (N = 6/group). M. Albumin secretion was measured 24 h post isolation (N = 8). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Significance was determined by two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparison test (A), two-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test (B, C, D, F, I–L), unpaired two-tailed Student's t test (E, G, H), or unpaired two-tailed Student's t test with Welch's correction (M). In A, p values are shown for the comparison between the two study groups at the single 30 min time point, and for the findings over the entire 120 min.