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. 2023 Oct 17;27:103. doi: 10.1186/s40824-023-00439-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Morphology of elastin-variable hydrogels without cells at 0 h. A Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging of hydrogels without cells. The yellow arrows indicate insoluble elastin, and the white arrows point to clumps of collagen. B Multimodal nonlinear optical (MNLO) imaging of hydrogels without cells. The purple second harmonic generation (SHG) signal represents collagen, and the green two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) signal represents elastin. C Levels of collagen and elastin in hydrogels at 0 h, as measured by colorimetric assays and autofluorescence intensity analysis. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) of triplicate analyses. * p < 0.05