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. 2023 Oct 17;27:103. doi: 10.1186/s40824-023-00439-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Late stage of proteomic changes. Bubble plots represent the biological processes of A downregulated and B upregulated proteins in 4C1E compared with 100C. The vertical axis shows the significantly enriched biological processes, and the horizontal axis represents the fold enrichment corresponding to the biological processes. Fold enrichment indicates the percentage of differentially expressed proteins divided by all proteins within a certain GO term. C MNLO imaging of hydrogels with cells at 0 h and 72 h. The purple SHG signal represents collagen, and the green TPEF signal represents elastin and autofluorescent molecules in cells. D Colorimetric measurement of generated collagen and elastin in hydrogels after 72 h. E Expression of α-SMA (green) and PDFGR-β (red) proteins in hydrogels with or without BAPTA-AM (100 µM) treatment at 0 h and 72 h. DAPI (blue) indicates the nuclei. F Analysis data derived from the images in E. Data are represented as mean ± SD of triplicate analyses. * p < 0.05