Table 5.
Rasch analysis results for the 8-item Phubbing Scale
| Item # | Difficulty | Mean square | Differential item functioning | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infit | Outfit | I vs. B | I vs. P | B vs. P | M vs. F | ||
| Item 1 | -0.23 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.45 | 0.62 | -0.17 | 0.06 |
| Item 2 | 0.25 | 0.83 | 0.82 | -0.34 | -0.27 | -0.07 | 0.12 |
| Item 3 | 0.47 | 1.14 | 1.11 | 0.54 | 0.39 | 0.15 | -0.17 |
| Item 4 | -0.49 | 1.08 | 1.07 | -0.60 | -0.69 | 0.10 | -0.35 |
| Item 5 | -0.89 | 1.12 | 1.17 | -0.38 | -0.51 | 0.13 | -0.03 |
| Item 6 | -0.40 | 0.93 | 0.90 | -0.60 | -0.25 | -0.35 | -0.44 |
| Item 7 | 0.62 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.65 | 0.76 | -0.11 | 0.07 |
| Item 8 | 0.67 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.24 | -0.04 | 0.28 | 0.15 |
I = Iran; B = Bangladesh; P = Pakistan; M = male; F = female.