Fig. 6.

Effects of NtFD1 on plant defenses. a) Expression patterns of NtFD1 in response to Bemisia tabaci infestation, salicylic acid (SA) treatment, and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM (n = 3 independent biological replicates). Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences at P < 0.05 level according to 1-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. b) Aniline blue staining of GFP and NtFD1-GFP-expressed leaves revealed the callose in plasmodesmata and guard cells. c) The number of callose in plasmodesmata in 400 μm × 400 μm area. d) Accumulation of H₂O₂ in Nicotiana tabacum revealed by diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. e) The number of deposited eggs on GFP- and NtFD1-GFP- expressed N. tabacum leaves. f) Attraction of GFP- and NtFD1-GFP- expressed leaves to B. tabaci in the 2-choice equipment. Data in c, e, and f) are presented as mean values ± SEM. P-values were determined by 2-tailed unpaired Student's t test. ***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; ns, not significant.