Table 3.

Comparison of clinical characteristics between non-refugee immigrants (cases) and native-born individuals (controls). Data are presented as mean (SD) and/or number (%).

Variable		Groups	Obs/Freq	Mean (SD), Conf/Percentage*	Contrast statistics
Main diagnosis	Schizophrenia	Case	32	32.3%	F3 = 6.0 p = .11
		Control	37	37.4%
	Schizoaffective disorder	Case	16	16.2%
		Control	25	25.3%
	Psychosis NOS	Case	49	49.5%
		Control	37	37.4%
	Delusional disorder	Case	2	2.0%
		Control	0	0.0%
Comorbid psychiatric diagnosis	Yes	Case	4	4.0%	F1 = 10.0 p = .00
		Control	18	18.2%
	No	Case	95	96.0%
		Control	81	81.8%
Organic comorbidity	Yes	Case	4	4.0%	F1 = 0.9 p = .35
		Control	7	7.1%
	No	Case	95	96.0%
		Control	92	92.9%
Family psychiatric history	Yes	Case	38	38.4%	F1 = 0.3 p = .56
		Control	42	42.4%
	No	Case	61	61.6%
		Control	57	57.6%
Suicide attempts	Yes	Case	15	15.2%	F1 = 2.1 p = .15
		Control	23	23.2%
	No	Case	84	84.8%
		Control	76	76.8%
Current psychoactive substance use	Yes	Case	36	36.4%	F1 = 0.2, p = .66
		Control	39	39.4%
	No	Case	63	63.6%
		Control	60	60.6%
Past psychoactive substance use	Yes	Case	52	52.5%	F1 = 0.3, p = .57
		Control	56	56.6%
	No	Case	47	47.5%
		Control	43	43.4%
PANSS	Positive symptoms	Case	99	13.1 (5.4), −1.67–1.73	F196 = 2.8, p = .97
		Control	99	13.1 (6.7), −1.67–1.73
	Negative symptoms	Case	99	14.2 (8.4), 1.7–6.5	F195 = 0.86, p = .001
		Control	99	18.3 (8.6), 1.7–6.5
	General symptoms	Case	99	28.5 (9.9), −1.4–4.3	F196 = 0.01, p = .302
		Control	99	29.98 (10.3), −1.4–4.3

Notes: Obs/Freq: Number of cases observed/Frequency; SD: Standard Deviation; Conf.: Confidence; Psychosis NOS: Psychosis Not Other Specified, PANSS: Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.

*Scales data are presented as means. The rest of the variables are presented as percentages.