. 2023 Sep 8;67(10):e00534-23. doi: 10.1128/aac.00534-23

TABLE 1.

Effectiveness of all sanitizers against eight strains of C. parapsilosis and S. aureus in monospecies and mixed biofilms ^a

Recommended use	Active constituent/use concentration	Exposure time	C. parapsilosis biofilms	S. aureus biofilm	Mixed biofilms
Topical use	CLX 2.0%	1 min	E	E	E
	CLX 0.5%	3 min	E	E	E
	PVP-I 10%	3 min	E	E	E
Environment surfaces	NaClO 0.02%	60 min	I	I	I
	NaClO 1%	30 min	I	I	I
	ADBAC 0.32%	10 min	I	I	I
	H₂O₂ (4.25%) + DDAC (5.6%) pure	10 min	I	^b	^b
	H₂O₂ (4.25%) + DDAC (5.6%) 1:25	10 min	I	^b	^b
	PMS 1%	10 min	I	I	I
	ADBAC (0.08%) + ABAC (0.02%) pure	3 min	E	E	E
	ADBAC (0.08%) + ABAC (0.02%) 1:20	6 min	E	E	E
Sterilization of non-autoclavable medical devices	PAA (3.5%) + H₂O₂ (2.6%) 0.1%	3 min	E	^b	^b
	PAA (3.5%) + H₂O₂ (2.6%) 0.2%	10 min	E	^b	^b
	GLA 2%	30 min	E	E	E
	OPA 0.55%	10 min	E	E	E

^{^a}

ADBAC, alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride; ABAC, alkyl benzyl ammonium chloride; CLX, chlorhexidine gluconate; GLA, glutaraldehyde; DDAC, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide; PAA, peracetic acid; NaClO, sodium hypochlorite; OPA, D-orthophthalaldehyde; PMS, potassium monopersulfate; PVP-I, polyvinyl pyrrolidone; I, ineffective; E, effective; min, minutes.

^{^b}

Impaired result due to high catalase activity of the S. aureus.