Table 2.
Key PRISM* questions and probes for OSH practitioners and researchers.
| PRISM domain | Key questions | Probes |
|---|---|---|
| PROGRAM INTERVENTION | How does the intervention design influence implementation? | |
| Organizational perspective | What organizational-level factors impede/facilitate successful intervention implementation? | Is the intervention: • Aligned with the organization’s mission and readiness for change? • In line with employers’ /managers’ preferences, beliefs, and priorities? • Supported by strong evidence? • Addressing a gap or need within the organization? • Observed to be beneficial? • Easy to use and cost-effective? |
| Employee/worker perspective | What individual, employee-level factors impede/facilitate successful intervention implementation? | Is the intervention: • Addressing key employee concerns? • In line with employee preferences, beliefs, and priorities? • Accessible to workers with diverse backgrounds? • Easy to use and cost-effective? |
| PROGRAM RECIPIENTS | How do characteristics of (multilevel) recipients influence implementation? | |
| Organizational level (leadership, management) | What characteristics of the organization (e.g., financial health and resources, tendency to take risks or be an early adopter, and morale) can impact the successful implementation of an intervention? | • Is management supportive? • Are the goals realistic and clearly communicated? • Is input provided across all organizational levels? • Who has knowledge, ideas and opinions on the program/problem? Is there previous experience with similar programs? • Who will be naysayers and what will they say? • Who are the key players (champions) to get on board? |
| Employee/worker level | What characteristics of workers/employees, including socioeconomic and demographic factors can impact the success of an intervention? | • Who has knowledge, ideas and opinions
on the program/problem?, Is there previous experience with similar
programs? • Who are the key players (champions) to get on board? • Are there demographic or baseline health and/or social determinants that facilitate or hinder participation? |
| IMPLEMENTATION AND SUSTAINABILITY INFRASTRUCTURE | How can the implementation plan be developed with partner/beneficiary input that adequately considers dissemination and sustainability from the beginning? | |
| Are there established procedures or personnel whose responsibilities will include performance related to this program? (e.g., audit and feedback; allocated budget) | • Can the intervention be paired with
an already institutionalized process or collective understanding?
• How likely is the intervention to produce lasting effects for participants? • How can the intervention be monitored for an extended period? • How will success be tracked and reported? • How will lessons learned be communicated/disseminated? • What are likely modifications or adaptations that will need to be made to sustain the initiative over time (e.g., lower cost, different staff/expertise, reduced intensity, different settings)? |
|
| EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT | How do outside factors influence the organization? | |
| What external influences potentially hinder/facilitate program implementation? | • Are there regulations and/or policies
or guidelines that may hinder/facilitate program implementation?
• What is the economic climate? Are there endogenous shocks (e. g., an economic downturn), or sociodemographic shifts/changes (e.g., an aging workforce) that could affect program adoption, implementation and maintenance? |
*
Practical, Robust, Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM).