Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Included Patients by Pulmonary Hypertension Status
| Number of Observations (N = 4,572) | Tricuspid Regurgitant Velocity ≤2.8 m/s (n = 3,508) | Tricuspid Regurgitant Velocity >2.8 m/s (n = 1,064) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 4,572 | 66.6 ± 11.8 | 71.8 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
| Female | 4,571 | 577 (54.2) | 1,727 (49.2) | 0.005 |
| Suboptimal image quality | 4,572 | 126 (11.8) | 384 (11.0) | 0.44 |
| Height (cm) | 4,572 | 168.3 ± 10.8 | 167.0 ± 10.4 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 4,572 | 80.2 ± 19.1 | 80.9 ± 20.9 | 0.33 |
| Body surface area (cm2) | 4,572 | 1.93 ± 0.26 | 1.93 ± 0.28 | 0.93 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 4,572 | 28.3 ± 7.7 | 28.9 ± 6.7 | 0.02 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 4,518 | 130.2 ± 19.7 | 134.2 ± 21.6 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 4,509 | 73.8 ± 10.3 | 72.6 ± 11.6 | 0.0011 |
| Pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 4,507 | 56.3 ± 16.8 | 61.6 ± 19.6 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 4,572 | 69.1 ± 13.4 | 69.7 ± 13.6 | 0.22 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 4,570 | 63.9 ± 14.3 | 61.2 ± 16.7 | <0.001 |
| Moderate or greater mitral regurgitation | 4,572 | 214 (6.1) | 158 (14.9) | <0.001 |
| Moderate or greater tricuspid regurgitation | 4,572 | 97 (2.8) | 160 (15.0) | <0.001 |
| Peak tricuspid regurgitant gradient (mm Hg) | 4,572 | 23.5 ± 4.5 | 37.5 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
| Right atrial length (cm) | 4,463 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| RV dilation | 4,572 | 215 (6.1) | 192 (18.1) | <0.001 |
| RV basal diameter (cm) | 392 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| RV dysfunction | 4,572 | 120 (3.4) | 105 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| Right atrial major dimension (cm) | 4,463 | 5.0 ± 0.7 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Peak transmitral E/e’ ratio | 3,545 | 10.0 ± 3.8 | 12.8 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
| Peak transmitral E/A ratio | 4,109 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
| Peak transmitral E-wave deceleration time (ms) | 4,322 | 231 ± 67 | 224 ± 77 | 0.008 |
| Presence of pacemaker/ICD | 4,572 | 158 (4.5) | 91 (8.6) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 4,572 | 50 (1.4) | 18 (1.7) | 0.56 |
| Diabetes | 4,572 | 205 (5.8) | 97 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| History of acute myocardial infarction | 4,572 | 56 (1.6) | 13 (1.2) | 0.47 |
| Hypertension | 4,572 | 392 (11.2) | 215 (20.2) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 4,572 | 269 (7.7) | 128 (12.0) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 4,572 | 59 (1.7) | 26 (2.4) | 0.12 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 4,572 | 237 (6.8) | 110 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| History of ischemic stroke | 4,572 | 11 (1.0) | 19 (0.5) | 0.09 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 4,572 | 47 (1.3) | 35 (3.3) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 4,572 | 189 (5.4) | 142 (13.4) | <0.001 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated. Shown is a comparison of baseline characteristics of patients according to baseline tricuspid regurgitant velocity.
ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; RV = right ventricular.