Table-3.

Results from a statistical analysis (p values) of the impact of dried probiotics (freeze- and spray-dried probiotics; FP₅ and SP₅), feeding programs (early-stage and late-stage programs), and their interaction on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and serological parameters of 42-day- or 45-day-old broilers.

Parameters	df	Dried probiotics		Administration programs		Dried probiotics × administration programs
		F-value	p-value	F-value	p-value	F-value	p-value
Total BWG	1	2.043	ns	1.223	ns	0.390	ns
Duodenum
Villus height	1	40.47	***	18.04	**	14.62	**
Cryptal depth	1	0.867	ns	0.005	ns	0.037	ns
VH/CD	1	7.584	*	6.690	*	6.114	*
Jejunum
Villus height	1	0.329	ns	3.715	ns	0.278	ns
Cryptal depth	1	1.763	ns	0.140	ns	4.188	ns
VH/CD	1	0.069	ns	4.126	ns	3.445	ns
Ileum
Villus height	1	0.477	ns	0.165	ns	0.155	ns
Cryptal depth	1	8.161	*	4.460	ns	0.042	ns
VH/CD	1	1.578	ns	1.408	ns	0.182	ns
Blood parameters
CHOL	1	0.163	ns	0.041	ns	0.719	ns
TG	1	1.060	ns	1.898	ns	4.669	ns
HDL	1	0.022	ns	0.442	ns	0.022	ns
LDL	1	0.033	ns	0.158	ns	0.293	ns
URIC	1	15.52	ns	0.644	ns	0.310	ns

df=degree of freedom; ns=non-significant difference,

^*significant difference at p < 0.05,

^**significant difference at p < 0.01, and

^***significant difference at p < 0.001