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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 18.
Published in final edited form as: J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc. 2021 Jul 5;184(4):1390–1413. doi: 10.1111/rssa.12716

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Bias of regression adjustment methods from the simulation study where the true propensity score involves extreme value error distribution. A, Additive outcome model; B, Multiplicative outcome model. Naive, Unadjusted model; DCA, Direct covariate adjustment; GPS, Generalized propensity score; TPPS, Two-part propensity score