Table 4.
Surgical and other perioperative characteristics of participants who underwent left-sided colon resection.
| Characteristics (left) | Overall N=226 (100%) |
Experimental group N=115 (100%) |
Control group N=111 (100%) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 153 | 79 | 74 | 0.744 |
| Age [mean (SD)] | 61.270 (10.970) | 61.635 (11.452) | 60.892 (10.485) | 0.612 |
| Smoker | 52 | 30 | 22 | 0.185 |
| Alcohol addicted | 10 | 5 | 5 | 1.000 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 67 | 38 | 29 | 0.255 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 50 | 25 | 25 | 0.887 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 44 | 25 | 19 | 0.380 |
| Coronary disease | 9 | 4 | 5 | 0.957 |
| COPD | 12 | 7 | 5 | 0.596 |
| Arrhythmia | 49 | 25 | 24 | 0.983 |
| ASA grade (1/2/3) | 84/113/29 | 41/60/14 | 43/53/15 | 0.801 |
| BMI (median [IQR]) (kg/m2) | 22.935 [21.093–24.893] | 23.110 [21.215–25.015] | 22.720 [21.075–24.740] | 0.497 |
| Preoperative albumin [mean (SD)] (g/l) | 39.928 (4.230) | 40.157 (4.133) | 39.691 (4.334) | 0.409 |
| CEA (median [IQR]) (ng/ml) | 2.3 [1.4–4.952] | 2.58 [1.4–4.850] | 2.060 [1.4–5.34] | 0.527 |
| HGB (median [IQR]) (g/l) | 127 [113–139] | 128 [113.5–139] | 126 [112–139] | 0.386 |
| Primary site | 0.727 | |||
| Descending colon | 31 | 14 | 17 | |
| Sigmoid colon | 78 | 39 | 39 | |
| Rectum | 117 | 62 | 55 | |
| Operation time (median [IQR]) (min) | 194.5 [162–236.5] | 185 [158.5–230] | 202 [165–238.5] | 0.221 |
| Intraoperative bleeding volume (median [IQR]) (ml) | 50 [20–50] | 50 [20–50] | 50 [20–50] | 0.740 |
| Incision length (median [IQR]) (cm) | 6 [6–8] | 6 [6–8] | 6 [5–8] | 0.845 |
| Tumour size (median [IQR]) (cm) | 3.5 [2–4.475] | 3.5 [2.5–4.5] | 3 [2–4] | 0.112 |
| Defecation time (median [IQR]) (day) | 3 [2–4] | 3 [2–4] | 3 [2.5–4] | 0.947 |
| Postoperative hospitalization days (median [IQR]) (day) | 7 [6–9] | 7 [6–9] | 7 [6–9] | 0.769 |
| Stoma | 26 | 11 | 15 | 0.352 |
| Intraoperative complications | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.490 |
| Haemorrhage | 3 | 1 | 2 | |
| Shock | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 8th AJCC stage (0/I/II/III) | 15/60/74/77 | 5/31/44/35 | 10/29/30/42 | 0.176 |
| Grade | 0.178 | |||
| Intraepithelial neoplasia and atypical hyperplasia | 20 | 7 | 13 | |
| Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma | 193 | 104 | 89 | |
| Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma | 10 | 4 | 6 | |
| Other | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Transfer to ICU | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.462 |
| Reoperation | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0.387 |
| Readmission within 30 days | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0.139 |
| Mortality within 30 days | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Postoperative complications | ||||
| Anastomotic fistula | 16 | 6 | 10 | 0.267 |
| Overall SSI | 29 | 9 | 20 | 0.022 |
| Superficial SSI | 15 | 5 | 10 | 0.159 |
| Deep SSI | 16 | 3 | 13 | 0.008 |
| Organ–space SSI | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1.000 |
| Anastomotic stenosis | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1.000 |
| Postoperative haemorrhage | 16 | 9 | 7 | 0.656 |
| Postoperative ileus | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1.000 |
| Postoperative urinary infection | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Postoperative diarrhoea | 38 | 16 | 22 | 0.235 |
| Postoperative pulmonary infection | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1.000 |
| Other complications | 9 | 3 | 6 | 0.463 |
AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HGB, haemoglobin; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; SSI, surgical site infection.