Table 1.
Summary of included studies on nanotechnology-based methods used for OPMD diagnosis.
| Technique area | Detection method | Nanocarrier | Conjugated with substances | Cell line/sample/model | Main results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optical | Diffusion reflection imaging | Gold nanorods | Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | A rat tongue model of 4NQO-induced carcinoma | Absorption of light increased significantly in cases of moderate-severe dysplasia/OSCC compared to low-risk lesions (86% sensitivity and 89% specificity, AUC=0.79) | Sudri et al.6 |
| Optical | Diffusion reflection imaging | Gold nanorods | Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | Tissue samples from 15 various dysplasia, 10 OSCC, and 5 HC | Reflectance intensity increased with the progression of the disease, lowest in the control group and increasing as the dysplastic changes increase (P<0.001 for linear trend of grade) | Hirshberg et al.7 |
| Exfoliative cytology | Nano-bio-chip sensor | Nano-bio-chip | \ | FA-OSCC cell lines and brush samples of a FA patient with OPMD | The programmable bio-nanochip test recognized dysplastic oral epithelial cells in a brush biopsy sample of a FA patient | Floriano et al.8 |
| Exfoliative cytology | Nano-bio-chip sensor | Nano-bio-chip | Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | Brush samples from 41 OPMD/OSCC patients and 11 HC | Enhance discrimination of oral cancer and precancerous lesions (AUC=0.94) with high sensitivity and specificity | Weigum et al.9 |
| Optical | Optical coherence tomography | Plasmonic Au-NPs (15 nm) | SPDP | A hamster cheek pouch model of DMBA-induced carcinoma | The dysplastic tissue was visualized by optical coherence tomography imaging, which showed reduced scattering intensity and increased Doppler variance | Kim et al.10 |
| Optical | Optical coherence tomography | Spherical Au-NPs (70 nm) | Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies | A hamster cheek pouch model of DMBA-induced carcinoma | Enhance the contrast and penetration depth in-vivo optical coherence tomography images of oral dysplasia | Kim et al.11 |
4NQO, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide; AUC, area under the curve; DMBA, 7,12-dimethlybenz(a)anthracene; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; FA, Fanconi anaemia; HC, healthy controls; NPs, nanoparticles; OPMD, oral potentially malignant disorder; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma; SPDP, N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate.