Table 4.
Subgroup analysis of the binary model in a test cohort and an external validation cohort.
| AUROC (95% CI) | Accuracy (%) | Specificity (%) | Sensitivity (%) | PPV (%) | NPV (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internal test cohort (n=315) | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | — | 100 | 100 | — | — | 100 |
| Female | 0.929 (0.899–0.958) | 84.2 | 89.8 | 80.3 | 91.7 | 76.4 |
| Age (year) | ||||||
| <40 | 0.931 (0.879–0.982) | 84.0 | 83.0 | 85.3 | 88.6 | 78.4 |
| 40–69 | 0.960 (0.936–0.984) | 87.4 | 94.0 | 81.3 | 93.7 | 82.1 |
| ≥70 | 0.910 (0.822–0.998) | 90.0 | 97.8 | 64.3 | 90.0 | 90.0 |
| Diagnosis | ||||||
| Clinical | 0.899 (0.860–0.938) | 82.8 | 93.3 | 60.5 | 80.7 | 83.5 |
| P-benign | — | 100 | — | 100 | 100 | — |
| P-malignant | — | 100 | — | 100 | 100 | — |
| External validation cohort (n=102) | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | — | 100 | 100 | — | — | 100 |
| Female | 0.880 (0.792–0.968) | 84.9 | 77.3 | 87.3 | 92.5 | 65.4 |
| Age (year) | ||||||
| <40 | 0.941 (0.829–1.000) | 88.9 | 94.1 | — | — | 94.1 |
| 40–69 | 0.854 (0.737–0.971) | 83.8 | 75.0 | 86.5 | 91.8 | 63.2 |
| ≥70 | 0.964 (0.868–1.000) | 93.8 | 100 | 50.0 | 100 | 93.3 |
| Diagnosis | ||||||
| Clinical | 0.801 (0.672–0.930) | 74.0 | 86.7 | 55.0 | 73.3 | 74.3 |
| P-benign | — | 100 | — | 100 | 100 | — |
| P-malignant | — | 97.1 | — | 100 | 97.1 | — |
AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; NPV, negative predictive value; P-benign, benign lesion in pathology; P-malignant, malignant lesion in pathology; PPV, positive predictive value.