Figure 4.

Correlations in r of general characteristics, spatial visualization ability, and eye–hand coordination of the physician participants on (A) surgical performance and (B) learning progress. The thicker the dot, the stronger is the correlation. Positive correlations are shown in blue and negative correlations in red. In case of significant correlation, the correlation coefficient r is indicated. Significant correlations are coded as follows: P<0.05 (*), P<0.01 (**), P<0.001 (***). However, it should be noted that a negative and a positive correlation express different conditions, depending on the exercise and the participant characteristics. For Moving Pearls, Hot Wire, Vaginal Vault (quantity), and Ovarian Cyst, a negative correlation with characteristics (age, years of professional experience, number of laparoscopic training courses, experience in video games, spatial visualization ability, and eye–hand coordination) is correlated with better surgical performance. For Vaginal Vault (quality), a positive correlation with characteristics expresses a correlation with better surgical performance (A). For learning progress, the opposite is true (B).