Table 1.
Characteristics of the 755 women with either nonobesity and no gestational diabetes mellitus, nonobesity and gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus, or obesity and no gestational diabetes mellitus
| Variable | Nonobese non-GDM (controls) (n = 312) | Nonobese GDM (NOGDM) (n = 96) | Pb | Obese GDM (OGDM) (n = 89) | Pb | Obese non-GDM (O) (n = 258) | Pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort, n (%) | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | ||||
| PREDO | 248 (79%) | 44 (46%) | 45 (51%) | 79 (31%) | |||
| RADIEL | 64 (21%) | 52 (54%) | 44 (49%) | 179 (69%) | |||
| Maternal age (mean, SD), y | 32.6 (5.3) | 33.9 (4.4) | .02 | 34.1 (4.6) | .009 | 32.5 (4.8) | .99 |
| BMI (mean, SD) | 23.4 (3.1) | 25.0 (2.7) | <.0001 | 35.8 (4.3) | <.0001 | 34.3 (3.8) | <.0001 |
| Parity, n (%) | .002 | .67 | <.0001 | ||||
| Primiparous | 83 (27%) | 11 (11%) | 26 (29%) | 126 (49%) | |||
| Multiparous | 228 (73%) | 86 (89%) | 63 (71%) | 132 (51%) | |||
| Education level, n (%) | .34 | .001 | <.0001 | ||||
| Secondary or lower | 143 (46%) | 51 (53%) | 59 (66%) | 178 (69%) | |||
| Tertiary | 161 (52.0%) | 46 (47%) | 28 (31%) | 79 (31%) | |||
| Data not availablea | 7 (2.3%) | 0 | 2 (2.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | |||
| Smoking or alcohol use during pregnancy, n (%) | .60 | .83 | .38 | ||||
| No | 236 (84.0%) | 80 (87.0%) | 65 (83.3%) | 218 (87.2%) | |||
| Smoked/used alcohol at any time during pregnancy | 45 (16.0%) | 12 (13.0%) | 13 (16.7%) | 32 (12.8%) | |||
| Data not available | 30 (9.7%) | 5 (5.2%) | 11 (12.4%) | 8 (3.1%) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; PREDO, Prediction and Prevention of Pre-eclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction; RADIEL, Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention.
Unless indicated otherwise, no missing data.
Calculated for the difference between study group and controls.