Table 1.

Inclusion/exclusion criteria.

	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Study design	Prospective longitudinal prognostic factor studies looking specifically at risk factors for persistent pain following a distal radius fracture. Sample size greater than 100	• Note to exclude all RCTs unless it concerns a cohort analysis of trial participants. • Qualitative studies, retrospective studies, case studies or case series, case control and abstract-only reports • Study size 100 or less
Participants and conditions of interest	Population: Adults, 18 years and older who have suffered a fracture of the distal radius, regardless of treatment and are followed up from the time of experiencing/receiving first treatment of the fracture.	• Studies among populations with ‘red flag’ diagnoses (e.g., suspected cancer) • Studies on scaphoid outcomes • Studies on specific disease groups i.e., fibromyalgia or medication groups e.g., vitamin C • Studies focusing only on people with mal union/poorly healed fractures • Studies on subgroups with very specific types of complex (and or rare) fractures
Interventions or exposures	Studies should reflect usual care so should include a mix of conservative and surgical treatment.	Excluded are cohorts or trials where all individuals have been selected based on treatment with a specific surgical technique, as this would be selective and does not reflect usual care.
Comparisons or control groups	Any: Placebo/Usual care/Active treatment comparison groups – if this appears to reflect usual care for wrist fracture.	Please note that treatments will usually not constitute exclusion except in above where study population has been selected based on treatment given/received
Outcomes of interest	Persistent Pain: A new pain that started at the time of the fracture and is recorded as persisting for over 12 weeks.	Studies that have only focussed on non-patient-oriented outcomes such as: dexterity/Range of Movement (ROM)/grip strength/radiological outcomes.
		Studies only focussing on prognosis in a different pain population such as fibromyalgia are to be excluded.
	Note: this SLR isn’t specifically looking at risk factors for complex regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) but CRPS will be a cause of persistent pain. Prognostic studies for CRPS can be included if they fulfil all the other criteria.	For studies that includes any of the non-patient-oriented outcomes above and any of our systematic review primary and secondary outcomes will be included BUT non-relevant outcomes listed above (dexterity/ROM//grip strength/radiological) can be disregarded for data extraction purposes.
		NB studies which only report a combined (multidimensional) score (based on non-patient-oriented outcomes such as ROM, surgical evaluations etc), and which will usually be scored by surgeons, & health care professionals rather than patients and are given as (final score often: Poor, moderate, good, excellent outcome) are to be excluded.