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. 2023 Oct 4;14:1267091. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267091

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The pathogenesis of SSc. Upregulation of vasoactive factors affects apoptosis of epithelial cells, followed by cytokines that stimulate the immune response in the body, and the inflammatory response that occurs eventually triggers the transformation of fibroblasts, leading to the formation of skin fibrosis. ECM, extracellular matrix. CXC, chemotaxis.