Table 8.
The impact of AMS on pesticide expenditure for different cropland scale farmers.
Variables | Estimation | Mean pesticide expenditure (yuan/mu) | Treatment effects | t-value | Reduction rate (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adoption of AMS | Non-adoption of AMS | |||||
Small-scale farmers | ATT | 148.269 (1.571) | 281.391 (2.510) | −133.122*** | −44.967 | 47.31 |
ATU | 254.187 (2.424) | 263.405 (3.888) | −9.218*** | −2.012 | 3.50 | |
Large-scale farmers | ATT | 55.719 (1.365) | 98.183 (1.868) | −42.464*** | −18.355 | 43.25 |
ATU | 56.701 (2.200) | 73.503 (2.673) | −16.802*** | −4.853 | 22.86 |
*** indicate significance at the 1% level. Standard errors are reported in parentheses.