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. 2023 Oct 18;9(42):eadi7755. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7755

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Fig. 3. — Protocols for cathode modification of (A) electronic structure modulation, (B) tailoring local environment, and (C) interface engineering. Protocols for anode modification of (D) building protective layer, (E) tailoring local environment, and (F) building Cl⁻ repulsion layer. (B) and (E) are reproduced with permission from the Nature Publishing Group (54). OER, oxygen evolution reaction. EDL, electrical double layer; HER, hydrogen evolution reaction; LA, Lewis acid.