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. 2023 Oct 11;622(7983):627–636. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06621-4

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© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, Representative super-resolution SIM microscopy images of Cyt c (green) and TOM20 (red) in proliferating (prol.) and radiation-induced senescent (Sen IR) human fibroblasts. Scale bar, 10 μm. The magnified images on the right show areas in which Cyt c (green) does not co-localize with TOM20 (red) in senescent cells. b, Quantification of the co-localization between Cyt c and TOM20 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. n = 3 independent experiments. c, The relative levels of cytosolic Cyt c in irradiation-induced (IR) and replicative (Rep Sen) senescent cells expressed as the fold change compared with the proliferating control. n = 6 (Prol and Sen IR) and n = 3 (replicative senescent) independent experiments. d, Representative western blot of c, showing Cyt c enriched in the cytosolic fraction of senescent cells. UQCRC2 (complex III mitochondria protein) shows that the cytosolic fraction lacks mitochondria. e, Western blot analysis showing the increase in cleaved caspase-3 in irradiation-induced senescent cells. Data are representative of n = 4 independent experiments. f, Western blot analysis of BAX in FPLC fractions of proliferating and senescent cells. Fractions of decreasing protein molecular mass are shown from left to right. Films were exposed for 2 min (short exposure) and overnight (long exposure). Representative blot of n = 2 independent experiments. g, Representative super-resolution SIM microscopy images of BAX(6A7) (activated form of BAX; red) and TOM20 (green). Scale bars, 10 μm. h,i, Quantification of the percentage of MRC5 (h) and IMR90 (i) fibroblasts positive for BAX(6A7) co-localizing with TOM20. For h and i, n = 3 independent experiments. Data are mean ± s.e.m. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test (b, c and i) and two-sided Student’s unpaired t-tests (c and h). Gel source data for d–f are provided in Supplementary Fig. 1.

Source data