Table 1.
Overview of included studies on the influence of HIIT training
| Authors (year) | Sample | Cancer related supplementary information | UICC stage | Groups | Training duration in weeks | Training frequency per week | Training protocol | Training intensity | Training equipment | Outcome | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adams et al., 2017 [46] |
n=63 44 ± 11 years |
Testicular cancer, cancer survivors: time since diagnosis on average 8 years | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=35) Group 2: UC (n=28) |
12 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min warm up, 4 × 4min incline walking or running, 3min rest, 5min cool down |
Group 1: Warm up: 5% ventilatory threshold, intervals at 75–95% V̇O2PEAK Active rest at 5–10% below ventilatory threshold |
Treadmill | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: +4.2ml O2/kg/min Group 2: +0.6ml O2/kg/min HIIT vs. UC: p<0.001 |
|
Adams et al., 2018 [49] |
n=63 44 ± 11 years |
Testicular cancer, cancer survivors: time since diagnosis on average 8 years | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=35) Group 2: UC (n=28) |
12 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min warm up, 4 × 4min incline walking or running, 3min rest, 5min cool down |
Group 1: Warm up: 5% ventilatory threshold, intervals at 75–95% V̇O2PEAK Active rest at 5–10% below ventilatory threshold |
Treadmill | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1 vs. Group 2:+ 3.7ml O2/kg/min HIIT vs. UC: p<0.001 |
|
Alizadeh et al., 2019 [81] |
n=50 Group 1: 49 ± 9 years Group 2: 48 ± 8 years |
Breast cancer, completed therapy (chemotherapy, radiotherapy) in the last month prior to the intervention | I–III |
Group 1: HIIT (n = 24) Group 2: CG (n = 26) (different information) |
12 | 3 |
Group 1: Total 38min, 5min warm up, 4 × 4min walking uphill, rest 3min, 5min cool down Group 2: Normal physical activity levels |
Group 1: HIIT:90–95% HRMAX, Recovery: 50–70% HRMAX |
Treadmill | V̇O2MAX |
Group 1: +21.65% HIIT vs. Control: p=0.002 |
|
Banerjee et al., 2018 [78] |
n=60 Group 1: 72 ± 7 years Group 2: 73 ± 8 Years |
Bladder cancer, preoperative, before radical cystectomy | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=30) Group 2: CG (n=30) |
3–6 | 2 | Group 1: Warm up 5–10min, 6×5min, rest 2.5min |
Group 1: Warm up: 50W, Borg 13–15 (ca. 70–85% predicted HRMAX, cool down at 50W |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: 19.22±4.8 to 21.07±5.6 ml/kg/min Group 2: 20.38±5.59 to 20.84±5.43 ml/kg/min HIIT vs. Control: p=0.057 |
| Bell et al., 2021 [89]* |
n=20 Group 1: 49 ± 4 years Group 2: 51 ± 5 years |
Breast cancer, completed therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy) at least 6 months prior | IA, IIA, IIB |
Group 1: HIIT (n=10) Group 2: MICT (n=10) |
12 | 2 |
Group 1: 3–5min warm up, 4×2min (weeks 1–2) 4×5min (weeks 3–12) Intervals, 5min cool down, 33min total Group 2: 5min warm up, 14 (weeks 1–2)–25min (weeks 3–12) continuous, 5min cool down, 33min total |
Group 1: Warm up: Intervals at 70–75%HRR Group 2: 60%HRR |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: 27.8±5.2 to 29.8±5.1 ml/kg/min Group 2: 26.3±7.0 to 27.4±7.0 ml/kg/min HIIT vs. MICT (p=0.21) |
| Bhatiaand Kayser, 2019 [56] |
n=151 64 ± 12 years |
Lung cancer, preoperative, before primary lung resection, | I–IIIA |
Group 1: HIIT (n=74) Group 2: CG (n=77) |
2-3 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min warm up, 2 × 20 × 15s, rest 15s, rest in between 4min, 5min cool down |
Group 1: Warm up 50% WPEAK, intervals all out at 100% WPEAK Pause: passive resting, cool down 30% WPEAK |
Cycling ergometer |
relV̇O2PEAK 6MWT |
Group 1: +14% (MED) CI 3–26 (p=0.004) of relV̇O2PEAK, +20% (MED) CI 14–26% of walking distance (p<0.001) |
|
Blackwell et al., 2020 [44] |
n=34 Group 1: 71 ± 2 years Group 2: 72 ± 4 years |
Urological cancer, preoperative, before major urological surgery | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=18) Group 2: UC (n=16) |
4 | 3–4 |
Group 1: 5 × 60s Rest: unloaded cycling |
Group 1: 100–115% (max load in W) |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK | Group 1: MD +2.26 ml/kg/min (CI 0.24–4.08) (p<0.05) |
|
Devin et al., 2016 [54]* |
n=47 62 ± 11 years |
Colorectal cancer, cancer survivors: time since diagnosis median=41 months | I–IV |
Group 1: HIIT (n=30) Group 2: MICT (n=17) |
4 | 3 |
Group 1: 10min warm up: 4×4min, rest 3min Group 2: 50min training |
Group 1: warm up at 50–70% HRMAX, intervals at 85–95% HRPEAK Pause: 50–70% HRPEAK Group 2: 50–70% HRPEAK |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: 24.7±8.1 to 28.2±7.5 mlO2/kg/min (p<0.001) Group 2: 23.3±5.4 to 24.2±6.4 mlO2/kg/min (p=0.245) HIIT vs. MICT: p=0.021 |
|
Devin et al., 2018 [74]* |
n=57 61 ± 11 years |
Colorectal cancer, stages I–IV, cancer survivors: time since diagnosis=4.1±2.5 years | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=18) Group 2: HIIT (utilizing a tapered frequency prescription) (n=20) Group 3: MICT (n=19) |
8 |
3 (Groups1 and 3) Group 2: 3 for weeks 1–4, followed by 1 for weeks 5–8 |
Groups 1 and 2: total 38min, 10min warm up, 4 × 4min, rest 3min Group 3: 50min |
Groups 1 and 2: Warm up at 50–70% HRMAX, intervals at 85–95% HRPEAK, active rests Group 3: 50–70% HRPEAK |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: +5.0 (mean) Group 2: +3.1 (mean) Group 3: +2.7 (mean) (all p<0.001) HIIT vs. MICT: +2.3 ml/kg/min (p=0.049) HIIT vs. group 2 (p>0.05) |
| Djurhuus et al., 2023 [65] |
n=30 Group 1: 63 Group 2: 68 |
Prostate cancer, preoperative | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=20) Group 2: CON (n=10) |
2–8 | 4 |
Group 1: 10min warm up, 20–25min HIIT (4–6×1min, rest 3min Group 2: maintaining everyday lifestyle |
Group 1: Warm up 30% WPEAK, 100–120% WPEAK, rest 30% WPEAK | Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: +0.8 (range −0.8–2.3) ml/kg/min (p>0.05) Group 2: +1.2 (range −1.1–3.5) ml/kg/min (p>0.05) HIIT vs. CON: −0.4 (range −3.6–1.9) (p>0.05) |
|
Dolan et al., 2016 [73] |
n=33 57,2 ± 9 years |
Breast cancer, cancer survivors: time since diagnosis on average 6 years, | I–IIIA |
Group 1: CG (n=10) Group 2: MICT (n=11) Group 3: HIIT (n=12) |
6 | 3 |
Group 2: 3.22km (2mi)–4.02km (2.5mi) walking Group 3: Progressive interval training, 4–6×2–4min |
Group 2: 55/60–70% V̇O2PEAK Group 3: Intervals 65–95% V̇O2PEAK, rest 50–<60% V̇O2PEAK |
Treadmill or outdoors (not specified) | relV̇O2PEAK |
Note: Baseline based on total population Group 1: −-5.97±7.2% (p<0.001) Group 2: +12.95±10.4% (p<0.001) Group 3: +11,48±10,5% (p<0.001) MICT vs. Control (p<0.0001) HIIT vs. Control (p<0.0001) |
|
Dunne et al., 2016 [79] |
n=37 Median: 62 years |
Liver cancer, preoperative, before liver resection | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=20) Group 2: CG (n=17) |
4 | 3 |
Group 1: Warm up, 30min HIIT, no details, cool down |
Group 1: Intervals: ≥ 90% V̇O2PEAK rest: ≤ 60% V̇O2PEAK |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: 17.6±2.3 to 19.6±3.8ml O2/kg/min (p=0.019) Group 2: 18.6± 3.9 to 18.7±4.1ml O2/kg/min (p=0.958) HIIT vs. control (p=0.047) |
| Hooshmand Moghadam et al., 2021 [52]* |
n=40 57 ± 1 years |
Breast cancer, overweight and obese patients >6 months outside completion of cancer course treatment (mastectomy, lumpectomy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy) |
I–III |
Group 1: HIIT (n=13) Group 2: MICT (n=13) Group 3: CG (n=14) |
12 | 3 |
20–30min total, 5min warm up, 5min cool down Group 1: 4–7×30s, rest 2min Group 2: 20min continuous Group 3: maintaining normal daily lifestyle |
Group 1: Warm up at ≤50% PP, ≥90% HRMAX after interval 4 Group 2: Warm up at ≤50% PP, followed by 55–65% PP |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: +0.95 ml/kg/min (95% CI 0.68–1.21, p<0.001) Group 2: +0.67 ml/kg/min (95% CI 0.5–0.85, p<0.001) HIIT vs. MICT (p=0.178) No changes in CG |
|
Hwang et al., 2012 [80] |
n=24 Group 1: 61 ± 6 years Group 2: 59 ± 8 years |
Lung cancer, during targeted cancer therapy (epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors for >4 weeks) | IIIA, IIIB, IV |
Group 1: HIIT (n=13) Group 2: CG (n=11) |
8 | 3 |
Group 1: 10min warm up, 2–5min intervals (no details), 5min cool down (total 30–40min) |
Group 1: Intervals at RPE 15–17 or 80% V̇O2PEAK, rest at RPE 11–13 or 60% V̇O2PEAK |
Cycling ergometer or Treadmill | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: 15.1±3.4 to 16.8 ±4.1 ml O2/kg/min (p<0.005) Group 2: 16.7±4.8 to 16.3±4.6 mlO2/kg/min (p=0.27) HIIT vs. CG (time × group): p<0.005 |
| Kang et al., 2021 [72] |
n=52 63.4 ± 7.1 |
Prostate cancer, under active surveillance | T1c, T2a, T2b |
Group 1: HIIT (n=26) Group 2: UC (n=26) |
12 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min warm up, 5–8×2min, rest 2min, 5min cool down Group 2: no change in exercise level |
Group 1: Warm up 60% VO2PEAK, Intervals 85–95% VO2PEAK, 40% VO2PEAK rest, 30% cool down | Treadmill |
relV̇O2PEAK 6MWT TUG STS SRT |
relV̇O2PEAK HIIT: +0.9 (range 0–1.7) UC: −0.5 (range −1.4–0.4), HIIT vs. UC: 1.6 (CI: 0.3–2.9) (p=0.01) 6MWT: HIIT: +27m (CI 12–41) UC: +6m (CI −10–22) HIIT vs. UC: 20m (CI −2–41) (p=0.072) TUG HIIT: +−0s (CI −0.2 to 0.2) UC: −0.3s (CI −1.5 to 0.7) HIIT vs. UC: 0.6s (CI −0.4 to 1.7) (p=0.22) STS HIIT: +1 reps (CI 0 to 3) UC: +−0 reps (CI 0 to 2) HIIT vs. UC: + 1 reps (CI 0 to 3) (p=0.15) SRT HIIT: +2.7cm (CI −1.1 to 6.4) UC: −2.8cm (CI −5.6 to −0.1) HIIT vs. UC: 4.8 (CI 0.2 to 9.4) (p=0.042) |
| Karenovics et al., 2017 [57] |
n=151 64 ± 12 years |
Lung cancer, preoperative before lung resection | I–IIIA |
Group 1: HIIT (n=74) Group 2: CG (n=77) |
3.5 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min warm up, 2 × 20 × 15s, rest 15s, rest in between 4min, 5min cool down |
Group 1: Warm up at 50% WPEAK, intervals all out at 100% WPEAK Pause: passive resting, cool down 30% WPEAK |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: +1.2ml O2/kg/min Group 2: −1.3ml O2/kg/min HIIT vs. CG: p=0.06 |
|
Lee et al., 2019 [45] |
n=30 46.9 ± 9.8 years |
Breast cancer, during anthracycline chemotherapy | I–III |
Group 1: HIIT (n=15) Group 2: CG (n=15) |
8 | 3 |
Group 1: 30min total, 7×60s Rest, 2min active recovery Group 2: current level of physical activity |
Group 1: Intervals at: 90% PPO (highest power output generated during a maximal cycling) Pause: 10% PPO |
Cycling ergometer | V̇O2MAX |
Group 1: 19.7±8.7 to 19.4±6.6ml/kg/min (p=0.94) Group 2: 18.7±7.1 to 16.1±6.0ml/kg/min (p=0.001) |
| Lee et al., 2021 [83] |
n=30 46.9 ± 9.8 years |
Breast cancer, during anthracycline chemotherapy | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=15) Group 2: CG (n=15) |
8 | 3 |
Group 1: 30min total, 7×60s Rest, 2min active recovery Group 2: current level of physical activity |
Group 1: Intervals at: 90% PPO (highest power output generated during a maximal cycling) Pause: 10% PPO |
Cycling ergometer |
6MWT TUG STS MKST |
6MWT HIIT: +51m (p=0.05) CG: −6.59m (p=0.95) HIIT vs. CG: p=0.008 STS HIIT: +0.14 reps/30s (p=0.55) CG: −0.37 reps/30s (p=0.29) HIIT vs. CG: p=0.39 TUG HIIT: +0.06s (p=0.62) CG: +0.25s (p=0.28) HIIT vs. CG: p=0.52 MKST HIIT: 0.13s (p=0.12) CG: +0.32s (p=0.20) HIIT vs. CG: p=0.013 |
|
Licker et al., 2017 [58] |
n=151 64 ± 12 years |
Lung cancer, preoperative before lung resection | I–IIIA |
Group 1: HIIT (n=74) Group 2: CG (n=77) |
3.5 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min warm up, 2 × 20 × 15s, rest 15s, rest in between 4min, 5min cool down |
Group 1: Warm up at 50% WPEAK, intervals all out at 100% WPEAK Pause: passive resting, cool down 30% WPEAK |
Cycling ergometer |
relV̇O2PEAK 6MWT |
relV̇O2PEAK Group 1: +2.9ml O2/kg/min, MED +14% (p=0.04) 6MWT Group 1: MED +15% (p=<0.001) relV̇O2PEAK Group 2 −1.5ml O2/kg/min (MED −8%) (p=0.005) relV̇O2PEAK HIIT vs. CG: p=0.004 6MWT HIIT vs. CG: p=0.001 |
| Minnella et al., 2020 [53]* |
n=42 64.5 ± 11.2 years |
Colorectal cancer, preoperative | I-III |
Group 1: HIIT (n=21) Group 2: MICT (n=21) |
4 | 3 |
Group 1: 30min total, 5min warm up, 4×2min intervals alternated with 4×3min intervals, 5min cool down Group 2: 5min warm up, 30min continuous, 5min cool down |
Group 1: 4×2min (85–90% peak power), 4×3min (80–85% PAT) Group 2: 80–85 PAT |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK, 6MWT |
Group 1: +1.95 (0.71–3.19) ml/kg/min (p=0.0049), +12.55m (range −7.83–32.92) Group 2: +0.45 (range −0.71–1.6) ml/kg/min (p=0.412), +18.07m (range −1.36–37.51) relV̇O2PEAK HIIT vs. MICT (p=0.08) 6MWT HIIT vs. MICT (p=0.696) |
| Northey et al., 2019 [82]* |
n=17 62.9 ± 7.8 years |
Breast cancer, ≤24 months post diagnosis | I–III |
Group 1: HIIT (n=6) Group 2: MOD (n=5) Group 3: CG (n=6) |
12 | 3 |
Group 1: 20–30min (5min warm up, 5min cool down, 4–7×30s, rest 2min Group 2: 2min continuous Group 3: maintaining current lifestyle |
Group 1: warm up at ≤50% PP, ≥90% HRMAX after interval 4 Group 2: 55–65% PP |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: VO2peak +10.3% (p<0.05) Group 2: VO2peak +5.6% (p>p.05) Group 3: VO2peak −2.6%, HIIT vs. MOD (d=0.19), HIIT vs. CG (d=1.28), MOD vs. CG (d=0.72) |
| Ochi et al., 2022 [84] |
n=44 20–59 years |
Breast cancer | I–IIA |
Group 1: HIIT (n=21) Group 2: CG (n=23) |
12 | 3 |
Group 1: 8×20s exercises, e.g., squat, lunges (no further information), 10s rest, 10min/workout (3min warm up, 4min training, 3min cool down), wearable to monitor physical activity Group 2: wearable to monitor physical activity, no further instructions |
RPE 16–20 | Home-based body weight exercises |
relV̇O2PEAK 6MWT GS CST |
relV̇O2PEAK: HIIT: +0.9±1.7 ml/kg/min CG: −0.8±1.6 ml/kg/min HIIT vs. CG: 1.7 (range 0.7–2.7 (ES=1.06; p<0.01) 6MWT HIIT: +30±30m CG: 29±40m HIIT vs. CG: 1 (CI −21–23m) (ES=0.26; p=0.93) GS HIIT: +0.8kg CG: +0.4kg HIIT vs. CG: 0.4 (CI −0.9 to 1.6) (ES=0.26; p=0.53) STS HIIT: −0.9s CG: −0.4s HIIT vs. CG: −0.5 (CI −1.9 to 0.9) (ES=−0.21; p=0.50) |
| Piraux et al., 2021 [85] |
n=72 69.1 ± 8.2 years |
Prostate cancer, undergoing radiotherapy | KA |
Group 1: HIIT (n=24) Group 2: resistance training (n=24) Group 3: UC (n=24) |
5–8 | 3 |
Group 1: total 26–40min, 5min warm up 8–15×60s, 1min rest, 5min cool down Group 2: total 30min, 3×8–12 repetitions (targeting 8 major muscle groups with body weight, resistance bands, dumbbells) |
Group 1: Warm up at 65–70% HRMAX, intervals at ≥85% HRMAX, rest at 65–70% HRMAX, cool down at 65–70% HRMAX | Cycling ergometer | 6MWT |
Compared to Group 3 (UC): Group 1: +7.5% (p=0.043) Group 2: +6.6% (p=0.042) |
| Piraux et al., 2022 [86] |
n=18 MED: 62 (59.8–68.8) years |
Rectal cancer, undergoing chemo radiotherapy | II–III |
Group 1: HIIT (n=6) Group 2: resistance training (n=6) Group 3: UC (n=6) |
5 | 3 |
Group 1: total 26–40min, 5min warm up 8–15×60s, 1min rest, 5min cool down Group 2: total 30min, 1–3×8–12 repetitions (targeting 8 major muscle groups with body weight, resistance bands, dumbbells) |
Group 1: Warm up at 65–70% HRMAX, intervals at ≥85% HRMAX, rest at 65–70% HRMAX, cool down at 65–70% HRMAX | Cycling ergometer | 6MWT |
Group 1: +27.5m (+2.5%) Group 2: +24.5m (+4.2%) Group 3: +35m (+9.9%) Group 1 vs. group 2 vs. group 3 differences (p>0.05) |
| Reljic et al., 2022 [48] |
n=27 55.4 ± 13.2 years |
Different advanced cancers: colon/rectum (n=6), stomach (n=5), melanoma (n=3), liver (n=2), pancreas (n=1), esophagus (n=2), ovary (n=4), myelom (n=2), breast (n=2), lung (n=1) Ongoing anticancer therapy |
III, predominantly IV |
Group 1: HIIT (n=13) Group 2 (n=14): light physical mobilization exercises with electric stimulation below threshold that triggers a muscle contraction |
12 | 2 |
Group 1: total 14min, 2min warm up, 5×1min intervals, rest 1min, 3min cool down Group 2: total 20min |
Group 1: intervals at 80–95% HRPEAK, incrementally increasing Group 2: trunk flexion and extension, partial squats, butterfly movement, pull down movement |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: +3.0ml/kg/min (p<0.001) Group 2: −0.9ml/kg/min |
| Samhan et al., 2021 [88] |
n=60 Group 1: 49.7 ± 8.9 years Group 2: 48.9 ± 7.7 years |
Breast cancer, overweight or obese patients, various ongoing therapy protocols: surgery (n=20), surgery+chemotherapy (n=25), surgery+radiotherapy (n=5), surgery+radiotherapy+chemotherapy (n=7), radiotherapy+chemotherapy (n=3) | I–III |
Group 1: HIIT (n=30) Group 2: CON (n=30) |
8 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min warm up, 4×4min intervals, 3min rest, 5min cool down Group 2: maintaining their daily routines, do not participate in any structured exercise program |
Group 1: Warm up at 50–70% HRMAX, intervals at 75–90% HRMAX, rest at 50–60% HRMAX | Treadmill | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: +3.77ml/kg/min (p=0.002) Group 2: −0.5 ml/kg/min |
|
Schmitt et al., 2016 [75]* |
n=28 53.5 ± 9 years |
Different cancer types, predominantly breast cancer, time since diagnosis 14±20 months | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=14) Group 2: MICT (n=14) |
3 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min Warm up, 8×60s fast walking, rest 2min slow walking Group 2: 60min walking outdoor + 15min indoor cycling 75min |
Group 1: Warm up at 70% HRMAX, intervals at >95% HRPEAK Group 2: 60% HRPEAK |
Group 1: (walking outdoor, incline) Group 2 (outdoor, cycling ergometer) |
relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: 27.1±7.9 to 27.0±7.3 mlO2/kg/min (p=0.42) Group 2: 23.8±5.0 to 26.3±5.6 mlO2/kg/min (p<0.05) HIIT vs. MICT: p=0.01 |
|
Toohey et al., 2016 [76]* |
n=16 52 ± 13 years |
Various cancer types, cancer survivors <24 months after diagnosis after acute side effects due to cancer therapy | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=8) Group 2: MICT (n=8) |
12 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min warm up, 7×30s, rest 60s, 5min cool down Group 2: 5min warm up, 20min, 5min cool down |
Group 1: Intervals ≥ 85% HRMAX Group 2: ≤ 55% HRMAX |
Cycling ergometer or treadmill |
6MWT STS (time for 5 reps) |
6MWT HIIT: 502.8±148.5 to 577.6±102.5m (18.53%) (p<0.05) MICT: 520.9±74.3 to 530.6±107.8m (1.16%) HIIT vs. MICT: partial eta2=0.5) STS HIIT: −6.39% MICT: −23.46% HIIT vs. MICT: partial eta2=0.06) |
| Toohey et al., 2018 [71] |
n=75 51 ± 12 years |
Various cancer types, cancer survivors <24 months after diagnosis | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=25) Group 2: MICT(n=25) Group 3: CG (n=25) |
12 | 3 |
Group 1: 5min warm up, 7×30s, rest 60s, 5min cool down Group 2: 5min warm up, 20min, 5min cool down |
Group 1: ≥ 85% HRMAX Group 2: ≤ 55% HRMAX |
Cycling ergometer |
6MWT STS (time for 5 reps) |
6MWT HIIT: 510.7±114.9 to 607.7±85.5m (p<0.01, d=0.97) MICT: 483.1±72.3 to 518.6±94.5) (d=0.17) CG: 494.2±128.7 to 477.7±127.1 (d=−0.13) STS HIIT: 10.1±2.8 to 8.1±2.1 (d=−0.83) MICT: 10.6±2.8 to 9.2±2.0 (d=−0.59) CG: 9.6±2.3 to 10.49±2.7 (d=0.36) |
|
Toohey et al., 2020 [77] |
n=17 62 ± 8 years |
Breast cancer, cancer survivors <24 months after cancer treatment | NI |
Group 1: HIIT (n=6) Group 2: MICT (n=5) Group 3: CG (n=6) |
12 | 3 |
Group 1: 7×30s, rest 2min active recovery Group 2: 5min warm up, 20min, 5min cool down |
Group 1: WMAX Group 2: 55–65% WMAX, adjusted during intervention, RPE 9–13 |
Cycling ergometer | relV̇O2PEAK |
Group 1: 19.52 to 23.29 mlO2/kg/min (19.31%) (p=0.01) Group 2: 20.74 to 21.9 mlO2/kg/min (5.6%) Group 3: 20.9 to 20.36 mlO2/kg/min (−2.6%) |
| Wood et al., 2020 [87] |
n=16 MED: 52 years (34–72) |
Different types of leukemia, lymphona, myeloma Before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation |
NI |
Group 1 (HIIT: n=6) Group 2: CG (n=10) |
5–12 (week 3–12 included HIIT) | 3–4 |
Group 1: 30min total, 5min warm up, 5×2min Intervals, rest 3min, wearables with goal to increase average steps/week Group 2: received no further instructions, also received wearables |
Group 1: Intervals at ≥80% HRMAX | Home-based or local training resources: walking, jogging, running, cycling, elliptical, or stair climbing |
relV̇O2PEAK 6MWT |
Results after MED 8.5 weeks relV̇O2PEAK Group 1: +0.4ml/kg/min Group 2: +1.2ml/kg/min 6MWT: Group 1: +5.3m Group 2: −34.2m |
*Studies included in meta-analysis; HIIT high-intensity interval training, MICT moderate intense continuous training, CG control group, UC usual care, MED median, MD mean difference, CI confidence interval, ES effect size, relV̇O2PEAK relative peak oxygen uptake, NI no information, PPO peak power output, PP peak power, HRR heart rate reserve, RPE rate of perceived exertion, 6MWT 6min walk test, STS sit to stand test, TUG timed up and go test, MKST Margaria-Kalamen stair test, SRT sit and reach test, GS grip strength, CST chair stand test