Table 2.
Selected genes and pathways studied in Drosophila nephrocytes.
| Gene (Drosophila) | Putative human ortholog(s) | Pathway/ Compartment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sticks-and-Stones | NPHS1* | Nephrocyte diaphragm | [20, 23] |
| Dumbfounded/Kirre |
KIRREL1* KIRREL2 KIRREL3 |
Nephrocyte diaphragm | [20, 23, 26] |
| Mec2 | NPHS2* | Nephrocyte diaphragm | [20] |
| Cindr |
SH3KBP1 CD2AP+ |
Nephrocyte diaphragm | [20, 27] |
| Polychaetoid |
TJP1 TJP2 TJP3 |
Nephrocyte diaphragm | [20, 28] |
| Src64B |
FYN SRC YES1 |
Nephrocyte diaphragm | [29] |
| Knot |
EBF1 EBF2 EBF3 EBF4 |
Transcription factor | [30] |
| dKlf15 | KLF15 | Transcription factor | [31] |
| CG32105 |
LMX1A LMX1B+ |
Transcription factor | [27] |
| Nup93 | NUP93* | Nuclear pore complex | [32] |
| Nup160 | NUP160* | Nuclear pore complex | [33] |
| Moesin |
EZR RDX MSN |
Actin-cytoskeleton | [34] |
| Actn |
ACTN1 ACTN2 ACTN3 ACTN4+ |
Actin-cytoskeleton | [27, 35, 36] |
| Arhgap92B | ARHGAP24(+) | Actin-cytoskeleton | [27, 35, 37] |
| Zipper |
MYH9(+) MYH10 MYH11 MYH14 |
Actin-cytoskeleton | [27, 35, 38] |
| Scraps | ANLN+ | Actin-cytoskeleton | [35] |
| Kank |
KANK1 KANK2* KANK4 |
Actin-cytoskeleton | [27, 35] |
| RhoGDI |
ARHGDIA* ARHGDIB ARHGDIG |
Actin-cytoskeleton | [27, 35, 39] |
| Myo61F |
MYO1C MYO1E+ MYO1H |
Actin-cytoskeleton | [35] |
| Formin3 |
INF2+ FHDC1 |
Actin-cytoskeleton | [35, 40] |
| Tiggrin | Actin-cytoskeleton | [39] | |
| Titin | Actin-cytoskeleton | [39] | |
| Coracle |
EPB41 EPB41L1 EPB41L2 EPB41L3 |
Actin-cytoskeleton | [39] |
| Tropomyosin2 |
TPM1 TPM2 TPM3 TPM4 |
Actin-cytoskeleton | [39] |
| CG1674 | SYNPO | Actin-cytoskeleton | [27, 39] |
| Lasp | LASP1 | Actin-cytoskeleton | [41] |
| Multiple edematous wings |
ITGA3* ITGA6 ITGA7 |
ECM-interaction | [27, 35] |
| Myospheroid |
ITGB1(+) ITGB2 ITGB3 ITGB4 ITGB7 |
ECM-interaction | [27, 35, 42] |
| Vinculin | VCL | ECM-interaction | [39] |
| Viking | COL4A1# | ECM-interaction | [35] |
| Crumbs |
CRB1 CRB2+ |
Cell polarity signaling | [34] |
| Stardust | PALS1 | Cell polarity signaling | [34, 43] |
| Patj |
PATJ MPDZ |
Cell polarity signaling | [34, 43] |
| Bazooka |
PARD3 PARD3B |
Cell polarity signaling | [39, 43] |
| aPKC |
PRKCI PRKCZ |
Cell polarity signaling | [39, 43] |
| Par6 |
PARD6A PARD6B PARD6G |
Cell polarity signaling | [39, 43] |
| Discs large 1 |
DLG1 DLG2 DLG3 DLG4 |
Cell polarity signaling | [43, 44] |
| Scribble | SCRIB | Cell polarity signaling | [43, 44] |
| Lethal (2) giant larvae |
LLGL1 LLGL2 |
Cell polarity signaling | [43, 44] |
| Par-1 |
MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 MARK4 |
Cell polarity signaling | [43, 44] |
| Lkb1 kinase | STK11 | Cell polarity signaling | [43, 44] |
| Vps34 | PIK3C3 | Endocytosis | [45] |
| Rabphilin |
RPH3A DOC2A DOC2B |
Endocytosis | [46] |
| Shibire |
DNM1 DNM2 DNM3 |
Endocytosis | [25, 47] |
| Cubilin | CUBN(+) | Endocytosis | [22, 48, 49] |
| Cubilin2 | CUBN(+) | Endocytosis | [48, 49] |
| Amnionless | AMN | Endocytosis | [22, 48] |
| Rab5 |
RAB5A RAB5B RAB5C |
Endocytosis | [25, 50] |
| Rab7 | RAB7A | Endocytosis | [25, 50] |
| Rab11 |
RAB11A RAB11B |
Endocytosis | [25, 50] |
| Rab39 |
RAB39A RAB39B |
Endocytosis | [51] |
| Flotillin2 | FLOT2 | Endocytosis | [25] |
| Arf79F |
ARF1 ARF3 |
Endocytosis | [47] |
| Clathrin heavy chain |
CLTC CLTCL1 |
Endocytosis | [47] |
| Clathrin light chain |
CLTA CLTB |
Endocytosis | [47] |
| Lap |
SNAP91 PICALM |
Endocytosis | [47] |
| Auxilin |
GAK DNAJC6 |
Endocytosis | [47] |
| Hsc70-4 |
HSPA1B HSPA2 HSPA8 |
Endocytosis | [47] |
| Gapvd1 | GAPVD1(*) | Endocytosis | [52] |
| Sec20 | BNIP1 | Endocytosis | [53] |
| Coq2 | COQ2§ | Mitochondria | [27, 35] |
| Pdss2 | PDSS2§ | Mitochondria | [27, 35] |
| Coq6 | COQ6§ | Mitochondria | [27] |
| Mechanistic Target of rapamycin | MTOR | TOR signaling/autophagy | [54, 55] |
| Tsc1 | TSC1 | TOR signaling/autophagy | [54] |
| Autophagy-related 5 | ATG5 | TOR signaling/autophagy | [54] |
| Hippo |
STK3 STK4 |
HIPPO signaling | [55] |
| Yorkie |
YAP1 WWTR1 |
HIPPO signaling | [55] |
| Shaggy |
GSK3A GSK3B |
WNT signaling | [56] |
| Armadillo |
CTNNB1 JUP |
WNT signaling | [55] |
| Pangolin |
TCF7L2 LEF1 |
WNT signaling | [55] |
| Dab |
DAB1 DAB2 |
Notch signaling | [57] |
| Cheerio |
FLNA FLNB FLNC |
Mechanotransduction | [24, 55] |
| Piezo |
PIEZO1 PIEZO2 |
Mechanotransduction | [58] |
| Skittles |
PIP5K1A PIP5K1B PIP5K1C |
Phospholipid pathway | [59] |
| PTEN | PTEN | Phospholipid pathway | [59] |
| Sply | SGPL1* | Lipid metabolism | [60] |
| APOL1 | APOL1+ | Lipid metabolism | [61–63] |
| Midway | DGAT1 | Lipid metabolism | [64] |
| Hnf4 |
HNF4A^ HNF4G |
Lipid metabolism | [65] |
| Exo70 | EXOC7 | Exocyst complex | [59] |
| Tbc1d8-9 |
TBC1D8 TBC1D8B* TBC1D9 TBC1D9B |
GTPase-activating protein | [66, 67] |
| Rho1 |
RHOA RHOB RHOC |
GTPase | [39, 58, 68] |
| Rac1 |
RAC1 RAC2 RAC3 |
GTPase | [39, 58, 68] |
| Cdc42 | CDC42 | GTPase | [39, 58, 68] |
| Rap1 |
RAP1A RAP1B RAP1BL |
GTPase | [69] |
| c3g | RAPGEF1 | GTPase | [70] |
| Tcs3 | OSGEP* | KEOPS-complex | [71] |
| Stim |
STIM1 STIM2 |
Ca++-signaling | [72] |
| Orai |
ORAI1 ORAI2 ORAI3 |
Ca++-signaling | [72] |
To identify human orthologs the “Alliance of Genome Resources” and “MARRVEL” databases have been used. All orthologs with a DIPOT-score of at least 50% are listed in the table. Disease association has been verified using the database ‘Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man’ (OMIM). () indicate that disease association is not mentioned on OMIM, but has been published elsewhere (publication is mentioned in the table). The table lists only selected disease caused by mutations in the respective genes. Differential regulation upon glomerular injury is not included here. *: nephrotic syndrome, +: FSGS, #: Alport syndrome, §: Coenzyme Q10 deficiency, and ^: Fanconi renotubular syndrome with maturity-onset diabetes of the young