Table 3.

Improved assessment of the 3-year cardiovascular risk in patient with CAD by platelet lipid species

A
Lipid	LASSO regression coefficient
PC 34:2;O	− 1591.97
LPE 20:3–0:0	− 433.13
FA 18:2;2O	− 364.01
PI 18:1–20:4	− 50.52
FA18:1	− 32.59
TG 14:0–16:0–18:1	30.46
PE O-16:1–18:2	68.048
TG 16:0–14:1–18:1	124.07
PI 16:0–20:4	371.35

B
Model	Cross-validated C index (95% CI)
Conventional risk factors*	0.644 (0.612–0.741)
+ PC 34:2;O + LPE 20:3–0:0 + PI 16:0–20:4	0.650 (0.623–0.754)
Above + FA 18:2;2O + TG 16:0–14:1–18:1 + PE O-16:1–18:2	0.739 (0.703–0.816)
Above + PI 18:1–20:4 + FA18:1 + TG 14:0–16:0–18:1	0.740 (0.710–0.820)
Conventional risk factors*
+ 3 Lipids replacing HDL and total cholesterol	0.634 (0.606–0.731)
+ 6 Lipids replacing HDL and total cholesterol	0.738 (0.698–0.810)
+ 9 Lipids replacing HDL and total cholesterol	0.741 (0.695–0.812)

(A) LASSO: All 767 lipids were standardized and adjustment for age, gender, and statin medication was implemented. L₁-regularized Cox regression with partial likelihood cross-validation was performed and nine lipid species shared a nonzero coefficient. LASSO least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, PC phosphatidylcholine, LPE lysophosphatidylethanolamine, FA fatty acid, PI phosphatidylinositol, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, TG triacylglycerol

(B) Risk prediction of 1057 patients with 72 adverse cardiovascular events during the 3-year follow-up. 3 lipids include PC 34:2;O + LPE 20:3–0:0 + PI 16:0–20:4; and 6 lipids, PC 34:2;O + LPE 20:3–0:0 + PI 16:0–20:4 + FA 18:2;2O + TG 16:0–14:1–18:1 + PE O-16:1–18:2. Harrell’s concordance index (C Index) and confidence intervals are displayed as mean of 1000 bootstrap repetitions of fivefold cross-validation; HDL high-density lipoprotein. *Models considering the standard Framingham Risk Score items including age, gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, arterial hypertension, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol