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. 2023 Oct 18;13:17729. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44944-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Results from the best fit generalized additive model (GAM) for debris counts at Site 1 (Kam‘aole Beach) showing (A) model parameter estimates of lockdown levels (1 = low 5 = high) and (B) model predicted debris counts based on lockdown level. Dashed lines in image A represent the 95% confidence intervals of the parameter estimate and vertical ticks indicate the number of observations in each category (i.e. a rugplot).